{"id":4056,"date":"2023-02-08T08:54:22","date_gmt":"2023-02-08T00:54:22","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/192.168.10.115\/index.php\/2023\/02\/08\/4056\/"},"modified":"2023-02-09T09:23:40","modified_gmt":"2023-02-09T01:23:40","slug":"%e8%87%aa%e5%8a%a8%e9%a9%be%e9%a9%b6%e4%bc%a0%e6%84%9f%e5%99%a8%ef%bc%88%e5%9b%9b%ef%bc%89%ef%bc%9adigital-camera%e5%8e%9f%e7%90%86","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"http:\/\/222.128.65.89:18086\/index.php\/2023\/02\/08\/4056\/","title":{"rendered":"\u81ea\u52a8\u9a7e\u9a76\u4f20\u611f\u5668\uff08\u56db\uff09\uff1aDigital Camera\u539f\u7406"},"content":{"rendered":"

\u53d1\u5e03\u4e8e 2023-02-07 20:03\u30fbIP \u5c5e\u5730\u5317\u4eac\u00a0\u00a0\u200b<\/p>\n

\u76ee\u5f55,\u4f5c\u8005\uff1aBUAA\u706b\u8f66\u4fa0<\/p>\n

\u6210\u6587\u65e5\u671f\uff1a2022\/01\/05<\/p>\n

\u524d\u8a00<\/p>\n

\u76f8\u673a\u662f\u53ef\u4ee5\u8bf4\u662f\u73b0\u4ee3\u793e\u4f1a\u4e2d\u6700\u91cd\u8981\u7684\u4e00\u79cd\u4f20\u611f\u5668\uff0c\u53ef\u80fd\u5e76\u6ca1\u6709\u4e4b\u4e00\u3002<\/p>\n

\u5728\u81ea\u52a8\u9a7e\u9a76\u9886\u57df\uff0cCamera\u4e0eLidar\u540c\u5c5e\u7b2c\u4e00\u68af\u961f\u91cd\u8981\u7684\u4f20\u611f\u5668\u3002\u4e00\u4e9b\u5173\u4e8e\u201c\u53ef\u89c1\u5149\u7684\u7269\u7406\u7279\u6027\u201d\u7684\u8bba\u8ff0\uff0c\u5df2\u7ecf\u5728\u300a\u81ea\u52a8\u9a7e\u9a76\u4f20\u611f\u5668\uff08\u4e00\uff09\u4f20\u611f\u7684\u672c\u8d28\u2014\u2014\u7535\u78c1\u6ce2\u7684\u5e94\u7528\u300b\u4e2d\u5199\u4e86\u3002\u672c\u7bc7\u7b14\u8bb0\u5bf9\u73b0\u4ee3\u7684\u6570\u7801\u76f8\u673a\u7684\u7ec4\u6210\u548c\u539f\u7406\u5c55\u5f00\u53d9\u8ff0\u3002\u8fd9\u4e00\u4e3b\u9898\u5b9e\u5728\u662f\u5927\uff0c\u6d89\u53ca\u77e5\u8bc6\u70b9\u4e5f\u592a\u8fc7\u5e9e\u6742\u3002<\/p>\n

\u4e3a\u4e86\u4f7f\u6574\u7bc7\u7b14\u8bb0\u6709\u4e00\u4e2a\u6bd4\u8f83\u6e05\u6670\u7684\u8109\u7edc\uff0c\u6211\u4f1a\u5c3d\u529b\u6cbf\u7740 \u5149\u5b66\u7cfb\u7edf-\u56fe\u50cf\u4f20\u611f\u5668-\u4fe1\u53f7\u5904\u7406-\u76f8\u673a\u603b\u4f53\u7684\u8109\u7edc\u53bb\u5199\uff0c\u5982\u4e0b\u56fe\u6240\u793a\u3002<\/p>\n

<\/p>\n

\u76f8\u673a\u7684\u7ec4\u6210\uff1aLens\u3001Sensor\u3001ISP\u3001Display\uff0cfrom Samsung\u76f8\u673a\u7684\u7ec4\u6210\u3001\u6210\u50cf\u6a21\u578b\u3001\u6807\u5b9a\u3001\u5149\u5708\u3001\u5feb\u95e8\u3001\u5230CMOS\u3001CCD\u3001ISP\u7b49\u7b49\u90fd\u4f1a\u8c08\u5230\uff0c\u4e00\u4e9b\u7279\u522b\u57fa\u7840\u7684\u6982\u5ff5\u9ed8\u8ba4\u8bfb\u8005\u5df2\u7ecf\u4e86\u89e3\u3002\u5b8c\u6210\u65bd\u5de5\u9884\u8ba13W\u5b57\u6570\uff0c\u95f2\u6687\u65f6\u95f4\u5f53\u4f5c\u6d88\u9063\u6162\u6162\u5199\uff0c\u5404\u7ae0\u8282\u4e4b\u95f4\u7684\u8054\u7cfb\u4e00\u822c\u4e0d\u4f1a\u5f88\u7d27\u5bc6\u3002<\/p>\n

\u5f00\u59cb\u5427~<\/p>\n

0.1 \u4ece\u4eba\u773c\u51fa\u53d1\u4eba\u7c7b\u7684\u5f88\u591a\u53d1\u660e\u90fd\u501f\u9274\u4e86\u751f\u7269\u7684\u7279\u6027\uff08\u4eff\u751f\u5b66\uff09\uff0c\u800c\u6709\u65f6\u5019\u8fd9\u79cd\u8bbe\u8ba1\u548c\u751f\u7269\u5e76\u4e0d\u4e00\u6837\u2014\u2014\u6bd4\u5982\u4eba\u7c7b\u60f3\u8981\u50cf\u9e1f\u4e00\u6837\u98de\u7fd4\uff0c\u5374\u5236\u9020\u51fa\u4e86\u7fc5\u8180\u4e0d\u80fd\u6247\u52a8\u7684\u98de\u673a\u3002\u5bf9\u4e8eCamera\u800c\u8a00\uff0c\u5176\u6210\u50cf\u539f\u7406\u5012\u4e0e\u4eba\u7c7b\u6781\u4e3a\u76f8\u4f3c\u3002<\/p>\n

\u4eba\u773c\u5177\u5907\u4e86\uff1a\u53ef\u4ee5\u6536\u7f29\u62c9\u4f38\u7684\u6676\u72b6\u4f53\u2014\u2014\u5bf9\u5e94\u53ef\u53d8\u7126\u7684\u955c\u5934\uff1b\u53ef\u4ee5\u653e\u5927\u7f29\u5c0f\u7684\u77b3\u5b54\u2014\u2014\u5bf9\u5e94\u5149\u5708\u7684\u5927\u5c0f\uff08\u9633\u5149\u4e0b\u548c\u9ed1\u6697\u91cc\u7684\u77b3\u5b54\u5927\u5c0f\u8c03\u8282\uff09\uff1b \u89c6\u795e\u7ecf\u7ec6\u80de\u2014\u2014\u5bf9\u5e94\u611f\u5149\u82af\u7247\uff0c\u540c\u6837\u5b58\u5728\u6781\u9650\u7684\u5206\u8fa8\u7387\uff1b\uff08\u5927\u7ea61\u4ebf\u50cf\u7d20\uff09\uff1b ISP\u2014\u2014\u5927\u8111\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u5904\u7406\u89c6\u795e\u7ecf\u7ec6\u80de\u4f20\u8fbe\u7684\u7535\u4fe1\u53f7\uff0c\u6700\u7ec8\u5f62\u6210\u56fe\u50cf\u7684\u611f\u77e5\uff1b \u4eba\u773c\u5149\u5b66\u7684\u6295\u5f71\u8fc7\u7a0b\u4ea6\u4e0eCamera\u7c7b\u4f3c\uff1b<\/p>\n

<\/p>\n

\u4eba\u7c7b\u773c\u7403\u7684\u89e3\u5256\u7ed3\u6784\u672c\u6587\u7684\u5c55\u5f00\u4e0e\u4eba\u773c\u7684\u7ed3\u6784\u975e\u5e38\u7c7b\u4f3c\uff0c\u7406\u89e3\u4eba\u773c\u7684\u89e3\u5256\u7ed3\u6784\u4e0e\u539f\u7406\u5e94\u5f53\u662f\u5341\u5206\u6709\u76ca\u7684\u3002<\/p>\n

\u540c\u65f6\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u4e5f\u8981\u8ba4\u8bc6\u5230\u4eba\u773c\u4e5f\u5177\u6709\u76f8\u673a\u4e00\u6837\u7684\u5c40\u9650\u6027\u3002\u5176\u4f5c\u7528\u662f\u6536\u96c6\u53ef\u89c1\u5149\u6ce2\u6bb5\u7684\u5f3a\u5ea6\u4fe1\u606f\uff0c\u4e14\u5176\u611f\u77e5\u7684\u6700\u5c0f\u7ed3\u6784\u90fd\u662f\u4e00\u4e2aPixel\u3002<\/p>\n

\u56e0\u6b64\u5176\u5e76\u975e\u8fd9\u4e2a\u4e16\u754c\u7684Primal Truth\uff0c\u8bb8\u591a\u4fe1\u606f\u88ab\u5ffd\u7565\u4e86\u2014\u2014\u6362\u8a00\u4e4b\uff0c\u5e7f\u4e49\u4e0a\u4eba\u773c\u4e5f\u662fDigital\u800c\u975eanalog\u7684\u3002<\/p>\n

1. \u76f8\u673a\u7684\u6210\u50cf\u6a21\u578b<\/p>\n

\u672c\u8282\u89e3\u51b3\u4e00\u4e2a\u95ee\u9898\uff1a3D\u4e16\u754c\u5982\u4f55\u6295\u5f71\u52302D\u5e73\u9762\uff1f\u6240\u8c13\u7167\u76f8\u673a\uff0c\u5c31\u662f\u5c06\u73b0\u5b9e\u4e16\u754c\u76843D\u6a21\u578b\uff0c\u6620\u5c04\u4e3a2D\u56fe\u50cf\u3002\u90a3\u4e48\u8fd9\u4e00\u8fc7\u7a0b\u4e2d\uff0c\u5c31\u5b58\u5728\u5750\u6807\u7cfb\u4e4b\u95f4\u7684\u7684\u8f6c\u6362\uff0c\u5373\u65cb\u8f6c(Rotation)\u548c\u5e73\u79fb(Translation)\uff0c\u4ee5\u53ca\u4ece3D\u52302D\u7684\u6295\u5f71(Projection)\u3002\u8fd9\u4e00\u8fc7\u7a0b\u6d89\u53ca\u5230\u4e86\u56db\u79cd\u5750\u6807\u7cfb\uff1a\u4e16\u754c\u5750\u6807\u7cfb\u3001\u76f8\u673a\u5750\u6807\u7cfb\u3001\u56fe\u50cf\u5750\u6807\u7cfb\u3001\u50cf\u7d20\u5750\u6807\u7cfb\u3002<\/p>\n

\u5176\u4e2d\uff0c\u76f8\u673a\u5750\u6807\u7cfb\u7684Z \u8f74\u4e0e\u5149\u8f74\u91cd\u5408\uff0c\u4e14\u5782\u76f4\u4e8e\u56fe\u50cf\u5750\u6807\u7cfb\u5e73\u9762\u5e76\u901a\u8fc7\u56fe\u50cf\u5750\u6807\u7cfb\u7684\u539f\u70b9\uff0c\u76f8\u673a\u5750\u6807\u7cfb\u4e0e\u56fe\u50cf\u5750\u6807\u7cfb\u4e4b\u95f4\u7684\u8ddd\u79bb\u4e3a\u7126\u8dddf\uff08\u4e5f\u5373\u56fe\u50cf\u5750\u6807\u7cfb\u539f\u70b9\u4e0e\u7126\u70b9\u91cd\u5408\uff09\u3002<\/p>\n

\u50cf\u7d20\u5750\u6807\u7cfb\u5e73\u9762u-v\u548c\u56fe\u50cf\u5750\u6807\u7cfb\u5e73\u9762x-y\u91cd\u5408\uff0c\u4f46\u50cf\u7d20\u5750\u6807\u7cfb\u539f\u70b9\u4f4d\u4e8e\u56fe\u4e2d\u5de6\u4e0a\u89d2\uff08\u4e4b\u6240\u4ee5\u8fd9\u4e48\u5b9a\u4e49\uff0c\u76ee\u7684\u662f\u4ece\u5b58\u50a8\u4fe1\u606f\u7684\u9996\u5730\u5740\u5f00\u59cb\u8bfb\u5199\uff09\u3002\u89c4\u5b9a\u5750\u6807\u8868\u793a\u4e3a\uff1a\u5750\u6807\u7cfb\u4e16\u754c\u5750\u6807\u7cfb\u76f8\u673a\u5750\u6807\u7cfb\u56fe\u50cf\u5750\u6807\u7cfb\u50cf\u7d20\u5750\u6807\u7cfb\u5750\u6807\u8868\u793aXw\u3001Yw\u3001ZwXc\u3001Yc\u3001Zcx\u3001yu\u3001v<\/p>\n

<\/p>\n

\u6210\u50cf-\u5750\u6807\u7684\u8f6c\u6362<\/p>\n

1.1 \u57fa\u7840\uff1a\u5750\u6807\u8f6c\u6362\u77e9\u9635*\u5411\u91cf\u7684\u4e58\u6cd5\uff0c\u672c\u8d28\u4e0a\u662f\u5bf9\u5411\u91cf\u8fdb\u884c\u53d8\u6362\uff0c\u5982\u4e0b\u8ff0\u7684\u5411\u91cf\u65cb\u8f6c\uff0c\u7531v\u53d8\u6362\u5230v’\uff0c\u7528\u77e9\u9635\u53ef\u4ee5\u8868\u8ff0\u4e3a\u3002<\/p>\n

<\/p>\n

\u5411\u91cf\u7684\u65cb\u8f6c\uff08\u5de6\uff09\u4e0e\u5e73\u79fb\uff08\u53f3\uff09\u5411\u91cf\u7684\u65cb\u8f6c\u548c\u5e73\u79fb\u53ef\u8868\u8ff0\u4e3a\uff1aleft[begin{matrix}xprime\\yprime\\end{matrix}right]=left[begin{matrix}cos{theta}&-sintheta\\sin{theta}&cos{theta}\\end{matrix}right]* left[begin{matrix}x\\y\\end{matrix}right] \uff081\uff09<\/p>\n

left[begin{matrix}xprime\\yprime\\end{matrix}right]=left[begin{matrix}x\\y\\end{matrix}right]+left[begin{matrix}t_x\\t_y\\end{matrix}right] \uff082\uff09<\/p>\n

\u5408\u8d77\u6765\u540e\uff1aleft[begin{matrix}xprime\\yprime\\end{matrix}right]=left[begin{matrix}cos{theta}&-sintheta\\sin{theta}&cos{theta}\\end{matrix}right]* left[begin{matrix}x\\y\\end{matrix}right]+left[begin{matrix}t_x\\t_y\\end{matrix}right] \uff083\uff09<\/p>\n

\u5373\uff1a v’ =Rv+t \u4e3a\u4e86\u7edf\u4e00\u53d8\u6362\uff0c\u8f6c\u5316\u4e3a\u9f50\u6b21\u5750\u6807\uff08\u5907\u6ce8\uff1a\u9f50\u6b21\u5750\u6807\u5c31\u662f\u5c06\u4e00\u4e2a\u539f\u672c\u662fn\u7ef4\u7684\u5411\u91cf\u7528\u4e00\u4e2an+1\u7ef4\u5411\u91cf\u6765\u8868\u793a\uff0c\u662f\u6307\u4e00\u4e2a\u7528\u4e8e\u6295\u5f71\u51e0\u4f55\u91cc\u7684\u5750\u6807\u7cfb\u7edf\uff0c\u5982\u540c\u7528\u4e8e\u6b27\u6c0f\u51e0\u4f55\u91cc\u7684\u7b1b\u5361\u5c14\u5750\u6807\u4e00\u822c\uff09left[begin{matrix}xprime\\begin{matrix}yprime\\1\\end{matrix}\\end{matrix}right]=left[begin{matrix}cos{theta}&-sin{theta}&0\\sin{theta}&cos{theta}&0\\0&0&1\\end{matrix}right]*left[begin{matrix}x\\begin{matrix}y\\1\\end{matrix}\\end{matrix}right]+left[begin{matrix}t_x\\begin{matrix}t_y\\0\\end{matrix}\\end{matrix}right] =left[begin{matrix}cos{theta}&-sin{theta}&t_x\\sin{theta}&cos{theta}&t_y\\0&0&1\\end{matrix}right]*left[begin{matrix}x\\begin{matrix}y\\1\\end{matrix}\\end{matrix}right] \uff084\uff09<\/p>\n

\u5373\uff1a v=left[begin{matrix}R&t\\1&0\\end{matrix}right]*v \uff085\uff09<\/p>\n

1.2 \u4ece\u4e16\u754c\u5750\u6807\u7cfb\u5230\u76f8\u673a\u5750\u6807\u7cfb<\/p>\n

\u4e0a\u9762\u662f\u5750\u6807\u7cfb\u5185\u201c\u65cb\u8f6c\u201d\u201c\u5e73\u79fb\u201d\u7684\u53d8\u6362\uff0c\u800c\u4e16\u754c\u5750\u6807\u7cfb\u4e0b\u7269\u4f53\u6295\u5f71\u5230\u76f8\u673a\u5750\u6807\u7cfb\u4e0b\uff0c\u672c\u8d28\u4e0a\u662f\u5750\u6807\u7cfb\u53d1\u751f\u4e86\u65cb\u8f6c\u548c\u5e73\u79fb\u53d8\u6362\u3002<\/p>\n

\u76f8\u673a\u5750\u6807\u7cfb->\u4e16\u754c\u5750\u6807\u7cfbX_{Camera}=left[begin{matrix}x_c\\begin{matrix}y_c\\z_c\\end{matrix}\\end{matrix}right], X_{world}=left[begin{matrix}x_w\\begin{matrix}y_w\\z_w\\end{matrix}\\end{matrix}right] \uff086\uff09<\/p>\n

left[begin{matrix}X_{Camera}\\1\\end{matrix}right]=left[begin{matrix}R&t\\0&1\\end{matrix}right]left[begin{matrix}X_{world}\\1\\end{matrix}right]\uff087\uff09<\/p>\n

\u800c\u7531\u4e8e\u65cb\u8f6c\u77e9\u9635\u662f\u6b63\u4ea4\u77e9\u9635\uff08\u81ea\u5df1\u52a8\u624b\u8bc1\u660e\uff09\uff0c\u5373 A^{-1}= A^T, AA^{T}=E \uff0c\u5219\u53d8\u6362\u53ef\u4ee5\u8868\u793a\u4e3a\uff1aleft[begin{matrix}X_{world}\\1\\end{matrix}right]=left[begin{matrix}R^T&-R^T\\0&1\\end{matrix}right]left[begin{matrix}X_{camera}\\1\\end{matrix}right] \uff088\uff09<\/p>\n

\u6839\u636e\u5750\u6807\u7cfb\u7684\u8f6c\u6362\u5173\u7cfb\uff0c\u4e5f\u53ef\u4ee5\u76f4\u63a5\u5f97\u5230\u76f8\u673a\u4e2d\u5fc3\u5728\u4e16\u754c\u5750\u6807\u7cfb\u4e2d\u7684\u4f4d\u7f6e\uff1aO_{cam}^{world}= R^TO_{cam}^{camera}-R^Tt =R^Tt \uff089\uff09<\/p>\n

1.3 \u9488\u5b54\u76f8\u673a\u7684\u6a21\u578b<\/p>\n

\u65e5\u5e38\u751f\u6d3b\u4e2d\u7684\u7edd\u5927\u591a\u6570\u76f8\u673a\u90fd\u662f\u901a\u8fc7\u9488\u5b54\u76f8\u673a\u6a21\u578b\u6765\u8bbe\u8ba1\u7684\uff0c\u5373\u4fbf\u662f\u90a3\u79cd\u957f\u67aa\u77ed\u70ae\u7684\u955c\u5934\u7ec4\uff0c\u540c\u6837\u5c5e\u4e8e\u9488\u5b54\u76f8\u673a\u6a21\u578b\u3002\u5f53\u7136\uff0c\u7531\u4e8e\u5236\u9020\u5de5\u827a\u7684\u539f\u56e0\uff0c\u955c\u5934\u7ec4\u4f1a\u7ed9\u6210\u50cf\u5e26\u6765\u4e00\u4e9b\u8bef\u5dee\uff0c\u5305\u62ec\uff1a\u7403\u5dee\u3001\u5f57\u5dee\u3001\u573a\u533a\u3001\u50cf\u6563\u3001\u7578\u53d8\u7b49\u7b49\u3002<\/p>\n

\u5728\u4e0d\u8003\u8651\u8fd9\u4e9b\u56e0\u7d20\u7684\u524d\u63d0\u4e0b\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u53ef\u4ee5\u7528\u5c0f\u5b54\u6210\u50cf\u6765\u63cf\u8ff0\u88ab\u62cd\u6444\u7269\u4f53-\u955c\u5934-\u611f\u5149\u82af\u7247\u4e4b\u95f4\u7684\u5173\u7cfb\u3002<\/p>\n

<\/p>\n

\u5c0f\u5b54\u6210\u50cf\u6a21\u578b\u7269\u4f53\u5728A\u70b9\uff0cZ\u4e3a\u7269\u8ddd\uff0cX\u4e3a\u6c34\u5e73\u65b9\u5411\u8ddd\u79bb\uff0cY\u4e3a\u7ad6\u76f4\u65b9\u5411\u8ddd\u79bb\uff0c\u4e0a\u56fe\u4e3a\u6c34\u5e73\u65b9\u5411\u622a\u56fe\u3002\u5219\u6839\u636e\u76f8\u4f3c\uff1afrac{Z}{f} = frac{X}{X’} = frac{Y}{Y’} \uff0810\uff09\uff0c X’ = f cdot frac{X}{Z} , Y’= fcdotfrac{Y}{Z}\uff0811\uff09<\/p>\n

\u5f52\u4e00\u5316\u5904\u7406\uff1afrac{Z}{1} = frac{X}{x} = frac{Y}{y} \uff0812\uff09<\/p>\n

\u5373\u77e9\u9635\u5f62\u5f0f\uff1aleft[begin{matrix}x\\begin{matrix}y\\1\\end{matrix}\\end{matrix}right]=frac{1}{z_c}left[begin{matrix}x_c\\begin{matrix}y_c\\z_c\\end{matrix}\\end{matrix}right] \uff0813\uff09<\/p>\n

X’, Y’\u53ef\u8868\u793a\u7269\u7406\u50cf\u5e73\u9762\u4e0a\u70b9(X’,Y’)\uff0cX, Y, Z\u4e3a\u76f8\u673a\u5750\u6807\u7cfb\u4e0b\u7269\u4f53\u7684\u70b9 \uff08x_c,y_c,z_c\uff09 \uff0c\u90a3\u4e48\u6211\u4eec\u53ef\u4ee5\u8868\u793a\u4e3aleft[begin{matrix}X’\\Y’\\end{matrix}right]=left[begin{matrix}fcdotfrac{x_c}{z_c}\\fcdotfrac{y_c}{z_c}\\end{matrix}right]=left[begin{matrix}fcdot x\\fcdot y\\end{matrix}right] \uff0814\uff09<\/p>\n

\u800c\u5728\u50cf\u7d20\u5e73\u9762\u4e0a\u7684\u70b9\u5176\u50cf\u7d20\u5750\u6807 \uff08u,v\uff09\uff0c\u5176\u5750\u6807\u539f\u70b9\u5728\u56fe\u50cf\u7684\u5de6\u4e0a\u89d2\uff0c\u800c\u4e0a\u8ff0\u7684\u7269\u7406\u50cf\u5e73\u9762\u662f\u4e2d\u5fc3\u4e3a\u539f\u70b9\uff0c\u56e0\u6b64\u6211\u4eec\u9700\u8981\u79fb\u52a8\u5750\u6807\u7684\u539f\u70b9\uff1a<\/p>\n

<\/p>\n

\u50cf\u7d20\u5e73\u9762\u5750\u6807\u7cfbleft[begin{matrix}u\\v\\end{matrix}right]=left[begin{matrix}frac{X’}{dx}{+c}_x\\frac{Y’}{dy}+c_y\\end{matrix}right] \uff0815\uff09<\/p>\n

dx\uff0cdy\u5206\u522b\u4e3a\u56fe\u50cf\u4e0a\u6bcf\u4e00\u4e2a\u50cf\u7d20\u70b9\u5728u\u8f74\u3001v\u8f74\u4e0a\u7684\u7269\u7406\u5c3a\u5bf8\uff08\u5355\u4f4d\u4e3a\u7c73\/\u50cf\u7d20\uff09\uff0c\u901a\u5e38\u666e\u901a\u76f8\u673a\u7684dx\uff0cdy\u662f\u76f8\u7b49\u7684\uff0c\u5373\u6bcf\u4e00\u50cf\u7d20\u7684\u957f\u5bbd\u7b49\u8ddd\u3002cx\uff0ccy \u5206\u522b\u4e3a\u56fe\u50cf\u7269\u7406\u5750\u6807\u7cfb\u539f\u70b9 O\u2032 \u5728\u56fe\u50cf\u50cf\u7d20\u5750\u6807\u7cfb\u4e0b u \u8f74\u3001v \u8f74\u7684\u5750\u6807\uff08\u5355\u4f4d\u4e3a\u50cf\u7d20\uff09 \uff0c\u901a\u5e38\u4e3a\u56fe\u7247\u50cf\u7d20\u957f\u5bbd\u7684\u7684\u4e00\u534a\u3002<\/p>\n

\u6574\u7406\u53ef\u5f97\uff1aleft[begin{matrix}u\\v\\end{matrix}right]=left[begin{matrix}frac{f}{dx}{frac{X}{Z}+c}_x\\frac{f}{dy}frac{Y}{Z}+c_y\\end{matrix}right]=left[begin{matrix}f_xfrac{X}{Z}{+c}_x\\f_yfrac{Y}{Z}+c_y\\end{matrix}right] \uff0816\uff09\uff0c\u901a\u5e38 f_x=f_y<\/p>\n

<\/p>\n

\u5199\u6210\u9f50\u6b21\u7684\u5f62\u5f0f\uff1aleft[begin{matrix}u\\begin{matrix}v\\1\\end{matrix}\\end{matrix}right]=frac{1}{z_c}left[begin{matrix}f_x&0&c_x\\0&f_y&c_y\\0&0&1\\end{matrix}right]left[I_{3*3}|0_{3*1}right]left[begin{matrix}X_c\\begin{matrix}Y_c\\begin{matrix}Z_c\\1\\end{matrix}\\end{matrix}\\end{matrix}right]=frac{1}{z_c}left[begin{matrix}f_x&0&c_x\\0&f_y&c_y\\0&0&1\\end{matrix}right]left[I_{3*3}|0_{3*1}right]left[begin{matrix}R&t\\0&1\\end{matrix}right]left[begin{matrix}X_w\\begin{matrix}Y_w\\begin{matrix}Z_w\\1\\end{matrix}\\end{matrix}\\end{matrix}right]=frac{1}{z_c}Kleft[I_{3*3}|0_{3*1}right]left[begin{matrix}R&t\\0&1\\end{matrix}right]left[begin{matrix}X_w\\begin{matrix}Y_w\\begin{matrix}Z_w\\1\\end{matrix}\\end{matrix}\\end{matrix}right]<\/p>\n

\u90a3\u4e48\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u53ef\u4ee5\u5c06 K \u89c6\u4e3a\u76f8\u673a\u7684\u5185\u53c2\uff08\u76f8\u673a\u5750\u6807\u7cfb\u5230\u6210\u50cf\u5e73\u9762\u4e4b\u95f4\u7684\u8f6c\u6362\u5173\u7cfb\uff09\uff0c Rt\u77e9\u9635 \u4e3a\u76f8\u673a\u7684\u5916\u53c2\uff08\u5b83\u5728\u4e16\u754c\u5750\u6807\u7cfb\u4e0b\u7684\u4f4d\u7f6e\uff09\u3002<\/p>\n

\u901a\u8fc7\uff1a\u4e16\u754c\u5750\u6807 -> \u76f8\u673a\u5750\u6807 ->\u5f52\u4e00\u5316\u50cf\u5e73\u9762->\u7269\u7406\u50cf\u5e73\u9762->\u50cf\u7d20\u5e73\u9762\u8fd9\u4e00\u8fc7\u7a0b\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u5b8c\u6210\u4e86\u4e16\u754c\u5750\u6807\u7cfb\u4e0b3D\u70b9\u6295\u5f71\u5230\u4e86\u56fe\u7247\u50cf\u7d20\u5750\u6807\u76842D\u70b9\u3002<\/p>\n

\u95ee\u9898\u8054\u60f3\uff1a\u4ee5\u4e0a\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a3D\u52302D\u964d\u7ef4\u7684\u8fc7\u7a0b\uff0c\u90a3\u4e48\uff0c\u5982\u4f55\u4ece2D\u7684\u56fe\u50cf\uff0c\u63a8\u65ad\u51fa\u7269\u4f53\u5728\u4e16\u754c\u5750\u6807\u7cfb\u4e0b\u76843D\u5750\u6807\u5462\uff1fREF\uff1a\u89c6\u89c9\u91cc\u7a0b\u8ba1<\/p>\n

1.4 \u9c7c\u773c\u76f8\u673a\u6210\u50cf\u6a21\u578b<\/p>\n

1.4.1 \u83f2\u6d85\u5c14\u7a97\u53e3-\u9c7c\u773c\u76f8\u673a\u7684\u7269\u7406\u5b66\u539f\u7406\u5c0f\u5b54\u76f8\u673a\u7684\u5c40\u9650<\/p>\n

<\/p>\n

\u76f8\u4f3c\u6210\u50cf\uff1a\u5c0f\u5b54\u76f8\u673a\u8bb0\u5f55\u534a\u7403\u573a\u666f\u65f6\u5019\u7684\u5c40\u9650\u9996\u5148\u6765\u770b\u4e00\u5f20\u56fe\uff1a\u5f53\u6211\u4eec\u7528\u4e00\u4e2a\u5c0f\u5b54\u76f8\u673a\u8bb0\u5f55\u4e00\u4e2a\u534a\u7403\u9762\u573a\u666f\u7684\u65f6\u5019\uff0c\u5176\u53ea\u80fd\u8bb0\u5f55\u4e2d\u95f4\u7684\u90e8\u5206\uff0c\u8d8a\u9760\u8fd1\u8fb9\u7f18\uff0c\u5176\u900f\u89c6\u53d8\u5f62\u8d8a\u5927\uff0c\u5176\u6210\u50cf\u70b9\u4e5f\u8d8b\u8fd1\u4e8e\u65e0\u9650\u8fdc\u3002<\/p>\n

\u56e0\u6b64\u5b9e\u9645\u4e0a\uff0c\u5c0f\u5b54\u76f8\u673a\u7684\u89c6\u89d2\u662f\u6bd4\u8f83\u6709\u9650\u7684\u3002\u800c\u4e14\u201c\u7126\u8ddd\u8d8a\u77ed\uff0c\u89c6\u89d2\u8d8a\u5927\u201d\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e0d\u96be\u7406\u89e3\uff0c\u8bd5\u7740\u5c06\u4e0a\u56fe\u7684\u6210\u50cf\u5e73\u9762\u5411\u4e0a\u79fb\u52a8\uff08\u4f7f\u7126\u8ddd\u53d8\u77ed\uff09\uff0c\u80fd\u5bb9\u7eb3\u7684\u89c6\u89d2\u5c31\u4f1a\u53d8\u5927\u3002\u76f8\u53cd\uff0c\u7126\u8ddd\u8d8a\u5927\uff0c\u89c6\u89d2\u4f1a\u6536\u7a84\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e5f\u5c31\u662f\u76f8\u673a\u901a\u8fc7\u5149\u5b66\u53d8\u7126\u5b9e\u73b0\u201c\u653e\u5927\u56fe\u7247\u201d\u7684\u539f\u7406\u3002<\/p>\n

\u5f53\u7136\uff0c\u5927\u90e8\u5206\u624b\u673a\u4e0a\u4e3b\u8981\u4f9d\u9760\u201c\u6570\u7801\u53d8\u7126\u201d\uff08\u8f83\u9ad8\u7aef\u673a\u578b\u4e5f\u4f1a\u91c7\u7528\u5149\u5b66\u53d8\u7126\uff09\uff0c\u5c06\u56fe\u7247\u7684\u4e00\u90e8\u5206\u8fdb\u884c\u653e\u5927\uff0c\u518d\u5bf9\u50cf\u7d20\u8fdb\u884c\u63d2\u503c\u8fd0\u7b97\u3002\u4e5f\u56e0\u6b64\uff0c\u8fc7\u5927\u7684\u6570\u7801\u53d8\u7126\u4f1a\u5bf9\u56fe\u50cf\u8d28\u91cf\u4ea7\u751f\u8f83\u5927\u5f71\u54cd\uff0c\u5149\u5b66\u53d8\u7126\u5219\u65e0\u6b64\u95ee\u9898\u3002\u76f8\u4f3c\/\u975e\u76f8\u4f3c\u6210\u50cf \u4ece\u4e0a\u9762\u7684\u9488\u5b54\u76f8\u673a\u6a21\u578b\u53ef\u4ee5\u770b\u51fa\uff0c\u5176\u6210\u50cf\u8fc7\u7a0b\u662f\u4f9d\u9760\u201c\u76f8\u4f3c\u539f\u7406\u201d\uff0c\u5149\u7ebf\u5728\u7ecf\u8fc7\u955c\u5934\u4e4b\u540e\uff0c\u5e76\u6ca1\u6709\u53d1\u751f\u6298\u5c04\uff08\u5b9e\u9645\u4e0a\uff0c\u7531\u4e8e\u955c\u5934\u7684\u8bbe\u8ba1\u548c\u5236\u9020\u8bef\u5dee\uff0c\u6298\u5c04\u662f\u5b58\u5728\u7684\uff0c\u4f46\u5c5e\u4e8e\u88ab\u52aa\u529b\u6291\u5236\u7684\u56e0\u7d20\uff09\uff0c\u7269\u4f53\u4e0e\u56fe\u50cf\u5448\u73b0\u201c\u7b49\u6bd4\u653e\u5927\/\u7f29\u5c0f\u201d\u7684\u5173\u7cfb\u3002<\/p>\n

\u800c\u53e6\u4e00\u79cd\u6210\u50cf\u7cfb\u7edf\uff0c\u5176\u5149\u7ebf\u5728\u7ecf\u8fc7\u955c\u5934\u65f6\u5019\u4f1a\u6309\u7167\u4e00\u5b9a\u89c4\u5f8b\u53d1\u751f\u6298\u5c04\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u79f0\u4e4b\u4e3a\u201c\u975e\u76f8\u4f3c\u6210\u50cf\u201d\u3002\u8fd9\u4e5f\u5c31\u662f\u4e0b\u9762\u8981\u8bb2\u7684\u9c7c\u773c\u76f8\u673a\u7684\u539f\u7406\uff1a\u4e0d\u518d\u8981\u6c42\u51fa\u5c04\u89d2\u4e0e\u5165\u5c04\u89d2\u76f8\u7b49\uff0c\u800c\u662f\u5c06\u5927\u89c6\u89d2\u8303\u56f4\u5185\u5149\u7ebf\u7ecf\u8fc7\u6298\u5c04\u540e\u6536\u7a84\uff0c\u4eba\u4e3a\u521b\u9020\u7578\u53d8\uff0c\u4ece\u800c\u8bb0\u5f55\u66f4\u5927\u7684\u89c6\u89d2\u8303\u56f4\uff0c\u540c\u65f6\u89c6\u89d2\u8fb9\u7f18\u7684\u7269\u4f53\u957f\u5ea6\u4e5f\u4e0d\u4f1a\u88ab\u62c9\u4f38\u7684\u5f88\u4e25\u91cd\u3002<\/p>\n

<\/p>\n

\u5149\u7684\u5168\u53cd\u5c04<\/p>\n

\u9c7c\u773c\u76f8\u673a\u7684\u57fa\u672c\u539f\u7406\u662f\u5149\u7684\u5168\u53cd\u5c04\u539f\u7406\uff1a\u5149\u4ece\u9ad8\u6298\u5c04\u7387\u8fdb\u5165\u4f4e\u6298\u5c04\u7387\u4ecb\u8d28\u65f6\uff0c\u5165\u5c04\u89d2\u5927\u4e8e\u67d0\u4e34\u754c\u89d2\u65f6\u5019\u3002\u6298\u5c04\u5149\u6d88\u5931\uff0c\u6240\u6709\u5149\u7ebf\u90fd\u4f1a\u53cd\u5c04\uff0c\u800c\u4e0d\u4f1a\u8fdb\u5165\u6298\u5c04\u7387\u4f4e\u7684\u4ecb\u8d28\u3002\u800c\u5149\u4ece\u4f4e\u6298\u5c04\u7387\u4ecb\u8d28\uff08\u7a7a\u6c14\uff09\u8fdb\u5165\u9ad8\u6298\u5c04\u7387\u4ecb\u8d28\uff08Lens-\u73bb\u7483\uff09\u7684\u65f6\u5019\uff0c\u5373\u53ef\u5c06\u5927\u89d2\u5ea6\u7684\u5165\u5c04\u5149\u7ebf\u6536\u7a84\u3002<\/p>\n

\u5982\u4e0b\u56fe\u6240\u793a\uff0c\u5f53\u4e00\u4e2a\u4eba\u6f5c\u6c34\u65f6\u5411\u4e0a\u671b\u53bb\uff0c\u5149\u7ebf\u53ea\u80fd\u4ece\u4e0a\u65b9\u7684\u4e00\u4e2a\u201c\u7a97\u53e3\u201d\u5185\u900f\u5c04\u8fdb\u6765\uff0c\u4f46\u901a\u8fc7\u8fd9\u4e2a\u7a97\u53e3\uff0c\u5374\u53c8\u53ef\u4ee5\u770b\u5230\u6c34\u9762\u4e0a\u6240\u6709\u89c6\u89d2\u7684\u4fe1\u606f\u3002\u6211\u4eec\u79f0\u8fd9\u4e2a\u7a97\u53e3\u4e3a\u201c\u83f2\u6d85\u5c14\u7a97\u53e3\u201d\u3002<\/p>\n

<\/p>\n

\u83f2\u6d85\u5c14\u7a97\u53e3\uff1a\u9c7c\u773c\u76f8\u673a\u7684\u7269\u7406\u539f\u7406<\/p>\n

\u90a3\u4e48\uff0c\u901a\u8fc7\u63a7\u5236\u9c7c\u773c\u955c\u5934\u7684\u5f62\u72b6\u3001\u6298\u5c04\u7387\uff0c\u5373\u53ef\u5b9e\u73b0\u4e0d\u540c\u79cd\u7c7b\u7684\u6295\u5f71\u6a21\u578b\u3002<\/p>\n

<\/p>\n

\u9c7c\u773c\u76f8\u673a\u955c\u5934\u7ec4\u4e0e\u6210\u50cf<\/p>\n

1.4.2 \u56db\u79cd\u5e38\u89c1\u6295\u5f71\u6a21\u578b<\/p>\n

\u5e38\u7528\u7684\u9c7c\u773c\u955c\u5934\u6a21\u578b\u4e00\u5171\u6709\u56db\u4e2a\uff0c\u5206\u522b\u662f\u7b49\u8ddd\u6295\u5f71\u3001\u6b63\u4ea4\u6295\u5f71\u3001\u7b49\u7acb\u4f53\u89d2\u6295\u5f71\u3001\u4f53\u89c6\u6295\u5f71\u3002\u5176\u539f\u7406\u3001\u6295\u5f71\u516c\u5f0f\u3001\u4ee5\u53ca\u62cd\u7167\u6837\u4f8b\uff0c\u5982\u4e0b\uff1a<\/p>\n

<\/p>\n

Fisheye\u6295\u5f71\u7c7b\u578b\uff0cfrom WIKIPEDIA<\/p>\n

\u4e0a\u8ff04\u4e2a\u6a21\u578b\u90fd\u662f\u5173\u4e8e\u5165\u5c04\u89d2 theta\u7684\u6b63\u5207\u6216\u6b63\u5f26\u51fd\u6570\u3002\u800c\u6b63\u5207\u548c\u6b63\u5f26\u7684\u6cf0\u52d2\u5c55\u5f00\u5982\u4e0b\uff1a\u6b63\u5f26\uff1asin x=sum_{x=0}^{infty}{{(-1)}^nfrac{x^{2n+1}}{(2n+1)!} = x-frac{x^3}{3!}}+frac{x^5}{5!}-frac{x^7}{7!}+frac{x^9}{9!}-… \u6b63\u5207\uff1atan x=sum_{n=0}^{infty}{frac{{(2}^{2n}-1)2^{2n}B_n}{(2n)!}x^{2n-1}= x-frac{x^3}{3!}}+frac{x^5}{5!}-frac{x^7}{7!}+frac{x^9}{9!}-…<\/p>\n

\u5176\u4e2d{Bn}\u4e3a\u4f2f\u52aa\u5229\u6570\uff0c\u6ee1\u8db3\uff1aB_1=frac{1}{6}, B_2=frac{1}{30},B_3=frac{1}{42},B_4=frac{1}{30}<\/p>\n

\u56e0\u6b64\uff0c\u56db\u79cd\u6295\u5f71\u65b9\u5f0f\u7684\u53ef\u7528\u540c\u4e00\u79cd\u901a\u9879\u516c\u5f0f\u8868\u8fbe\uff1arleft(thetaright)=sum_{n=1}^{infty}{k_ntheta^{2n+1}=}k_1theta+k_2theta^3+k_3theta^5+k_4theta^7+k_5theta^9+… \u5bf9\u51e0\u79cd\u6295\u5f71\u6a21\u5f0f\u8fdb\u884c\u5bf9\u6bd4\u540e\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u770b\u51fa\uff0c\u4f53\u89c6\u6295\u5f71\u6a21\u578b\u572890\u00b0\u65f6\u5019\u8ddd\u79bb\u6700\u5927\uff0c\u4e3a2f\u3002<\/p>\n

<\/p>\n

\u4e0d\u540c\u6295\u5f71\u6a21\u578b\u7684\u5173\u7cfb\uff08\u4e0a\u4f20\u540e\u7684\u56fe\u7247\u8d28\u91cf\u592a\u5dee\u4e86\uff09<\/p>\n

1.4.3 \u9c7c\u773c\u76f8\u673a\u7684\u5750\u6807\u8f6c\u6362\u6a21\u578b<\/p>\n

\u9c7c\u773c\u76f8\u673a\u7684\u6574\u4e2a\u6210\u50cf\u6a21\u578b\u540c\u6837\u53ef\u4ee5\u7531\u4e0b\u9762\u7684\u6b65\u9aa4\u5206\u6790\uff1a\u4e16\u754c\u5750\u6807\u7cfb -> \u76f8\u673a\u5750\u6807\u7cfb -> \u5f52\u4e00\u5316\u5e73\u9762\u5750\u6807\u7cfb -> \u7269\u7406\u50cf\u5e73\u9762 -> \u50cf\u7d20\u5750\u6807\u7cfb<\/p>\n

<\/p>\n

Fisheye lens\u7684\u5750\u6807\u7cfb\u8f6c\u6362<\/p>\n

\u4ece\u76f8\u673a\u5750\u6807\u7cfb -> \u5f52\u4e00\u5316\u7684\u5e73\u9762\u5750\u6807\u7cfb\uff1aleft[begin{matrix}x_c\\y_c\\end{matrix}right]=frac{1}{Z_c}left[begin{matrix}X_c\\Y_c\\end{matrix}right]<\/p>\n

\u5f52\u4e00\u5316\u5e73\u9762\u5750\u6807\u7cfb -> \u7269\u7406\u76f8\u5e73\u9762\uff1aleft[begin{matrix}X’\\Y’\\end{matrix}right]=left[begin{matrix}r(theta) cdot cos varphi\\r(theta) cdot sin varphi\\end{matrix}right] \uff0c\u5176\u4e2d\uff1a varphi = arctan(Y’\/X’) \uff0c r^2 = X’^2+Y’^2<\/p>\n

\u800c\u76f8\u5e73\u9762\u5750\u6807\u4e0b (rleft(thetaright),varphi)\u4e0e left(x,yright) \u95f4\u7684\u5173\u7cfb\u662f\uff1aleft[begin{matrix}x\\y\\end{matrix}right]=rleft(thetaright)left[begin{matrix}cos varphi\\sin varphi\\end{matrix}right]=mathcal{F}left(theta,varphiright)<\/p>\n

\u66ff\u6362\u4e3a\u524d5\u9636\u7684\u5c55\u5f00\u5f62\u5f0f\uff1aleft[begin{matrix}x\\y\\end{matrix}right]=left[begin{matrix}k_1&k_2&k_3\\k_1&k_2&k_3\\end{matrix} begin{matrix}k_4&k_5\\k_4&k_5\\end{matrix}right]left[begin{matrix}theta\\theta^3\\begin{matrix}theta^5\\theta^7\\theta^9\\end{matrix}\\end{matrix}right]left[begin{matrix}cos varphi\\sin varphi\\end{matrix}right]=mathcal{F}left(theta,varphiright) r,f,theta<\/p>\n

\u6ee1\u8db3\u4e0a\u8ff0\u4e4b\u4e00\u6295\u5f71\u5173\u7cfb r=t(f,theta)left[begin{matrix}u\\v\\end{matrix}right]=left[begin{matrix}f_xfrac{theta_d}{r}x_c{ + c}_x\\f_yfrac{theta_d}{r}y_c+c_y\\end{matrix}right]<\/p>\n

\u5199\u6210\u9f50\u6b21\u5f62\u5f0f\u53ef\u5f97\uff1aleft[begin{matrix}u\\begin{matrix}v\\1\\end{matrix}\\end{matrix}right]=frac{1}{Z_c}left[begin{matrix}f_xfrac{theta_d}{r}&0&c_x\\0&f_yfrac{theta_d}{r}&c_y\\0&0&1\\end{matrix}right]left[I_{3ast3}|0_{3ast1}right]left[begin{matrix}X_c\\begin{matrix}Y_c\\begin{matrix}Z_c\\1\\end{matrix}\\end{matrix}\\end{matrix}right]=frac{1}{Z_c}left[begin{matrix}f_xfrac{theta_d}{r}&0&c_x\\0&f_yfrac{theta_d}{r}&c_y\\0&0&1\\end{matrix}right]left[I_{3ast3}|0_{3ast1}right]left[begin{matrix}R&t\\0&1\\end{matrix}right]left[begin{matrix}X_w\\begin{matrix}Y_w\\begin{matrix}Z_w\\1\\end{matrix}\\end{matrix}\\end{matrix}right]<\/p>\n

\u76f8\u673a\u7684\u5185\u53c2K \u4e0e\u5916\u53c2Rt \u4e5f\u5c31\u77e5\u9053\u4e86\u3002<\/p>\n

1.5 \u5168\u666f\u76f8\u673a\u6210\u50cf\u6a21\u578b<\/p>\n

\u5f53\u7136\u9664\u4e86\u9c7c\u773c\u76f8\u673a\u901a\u8fc7\u955c\u5934\u7ec4\u8bbe\u8ba1\u5b9e\u73b0\u5168\u666f\u62cd\u6444\u4e4b\u5916\uff0c\u8fd8\u6709\u5176\u4ed6\u7684\u65b9\u5f0f\u80fd\u591f\u5b9e\u73b0\u5168\u666f\u62cd\u6444\u3002\u5f88\u5bb9\u6613\u60f3\u5230\u7684\u4f8b\u5b50\u5c31\u662f\u5982\u673a\u68b0\u6fc0\u5149\u96f7\u8fbe\u90a3\u6837\u5bf9\u76f8\u673a\u8fdb\u884c\u65cb\u8f6c\uff0c\u7136\u540e\u5bf9\u56fe\u50cf\u8fdb\u884c\u62fc\u63a5\uff08\u624b\u673a\u7684\u5168\u666f\u62cd\u6444\u529f\u80fd\u4e5f\u5927\u4f53\u5982\u6b64\uff09\u3002\u8981\u4e48\u5c31\u662f\u91c7\u7528\u51e0\u4e2a\u6444\u50cf\u5934\u6392\u6210\u4e00\u5708\uff0c\u4e5f\u80fd\u5b9e\u73b0\u5168\u666f\u62cd\u6444\uff08\u6bd4\u5982ladybug\uff09\uff0c\u8fd9\u6837\u505a\u65e0\u975e\u6210\u672c\u9ad8\u4e00\u4e9b\u3002<\/p>\n

<\/p>\n

\u5168\u666f\u76f8\u673a\u7684\u5b9e\u73b0\uff1a\u626b\u63cf\u3001\u9c7c\u773c<\/p>\n

\u601d\u8003\uff1a\u4e0d\u901a\u8fc7\u6539\u53d8\u955c\u5934\u6a21\u578b\u6765\u83b7\u5f97\u66f4\u5927\u7684\u89c6\u573a\u89d2\uff0c\u53ef\u5426\u901a\u8fc7\u201c\u5c06\u6210\u50cf\u9762\u7531\u5e73\u9762\u6539\u4e3a\u66f2\u9762\u201d\u7684\u65b9\u5f0f\u6765\u83b7\u5f97\u5927\u89c6\u573a\u89d2\u5462\uff1f\u5373\u73b0\u5b9e\u4e2d\uff0c\u5236\u9020\u4e00\u5757\u5f27\u5f62\u7684CMOS\u82af\u7247\u3002\u4e8b\u5b9e\u4e0aSONY\u65e9\u57282013\u5e74\u5de6\u53f3\u5c31\u5236\u9020\u51fa\u4e86\u5f27\u5f62CMOS\uff0c\u4f46\u5e76\u6ca1\u6709\u83b7\u5f97\u66f4\u591a\u7684\u5173\u6ce8\u548c\u5e94\u7528\u3002<\/p>\n

<\/p>\n

\u66f2\u9762\u611f\u5149\u82af\u7247\u793a\u610fRef\uff1aFisheye lens – WikipediaRotation matrix – Wikipedia<\/p>\n

\u5404\u79cd\u7ecf\u5178\u900f\u955c\u6295\u5f71\u6a21\u578b – \u77e5\u4e4e (zhihu.com)<\/p>\n

\u9c7c\u773c\u955c\u5934\u662f\u600e\u4e48\u300c\u9c7c\u773c\u300d\u7684\uff1f – \u77e5\u4e4e (zhihu.com)<\/p>\n

\u4e00\u6587\u770b\u900f\u9c7c\u773c\u76f8\u673a\u7684\u7578\u53d8\u77eb\u6b63\uff0c\u4ee5\u53ca\u76ee\u6807\u68c0\u6d4b\u5e94\u7528 – \u77e5\u4e4e (zhihu.com)fisheye lens field of view (shopsonline5s.ml)<\/p>\n

\u9c7c\u773c\u76f8\u673a\u6a21\u578b\uff08\u4e8c\uff09 – \u77e5\u4e4e (zhihu.com)<\/p>\n

2. \u5149\u5b66\u7cfb\u7edf\uff1a\u50cf\u5dee Optical Aberration<\/p>\n

\u8fd9\u4e00\u7ae0\u8ba8\u8bba\u5149\u5b66\u7cfb\u7edf\u6210\u50cf\u8bef\u5dee\u7684\u6765\u6e90\uff1a\u7406\u60f3\u7684\u5149\u5b66\u7cfb\u7edf\u662f\u4e0d\u5b58\u5728\u50cf\u5dee\u7684\u3002\u800c\u7531\u4e8e\u5b9e\u9645\u955c\u5934\u7684\u5236\u9020\u3001\u7ec4\u88c5\u8fc7\u7a0b\u4e2d\uff0c\u4e0d\u53ef\u907f\u514d\u7684\u5b58\u5728\u52a0\u5de5\u8bef\u5dee\uff0c\u56e0\u6b64\u4efb\u4f55\u5149\u5b66\u7cfb\u7edf\u90fd\u4e0d\u53ef\u80fd\u7406\u60f3\u6210\u50cf\u3002\u5149\u5b66\u76f8\u5dee\u53ef\u4ee5\u5206\u4e3a\u6ce2\u524d\u50cf\u5dee\u548c\u51e0\u4f55\u50cf\u5dee\u3002\u524d\u8005\u662f\u901a\u8fc7\u6ce2\u9762\u3001\u5149\u7a0b\u5dee\u7684\u89c2\u70b9\u8ba1\u7b97\u5f97\u5230\uff0c\u800c\u51e0\u4f55\u50cf\u5dee\u5219\u662f\u901a\u8fc7\u6298\u5c04\u3001\u53cd\u5c04\u5b9a\u5f8b\u8ba1\u7b97\u5f97\u5230\u7684\u3002<\/p>\n

<\/p>\n

\u5149\u5b66\u50cf\u5dee<\/p>\n

2.1 \u51e0\u4f55\u50cf\u5dee Geometric Aberration<\/p>\n

2.1.1 \u7403\u5deeSpherical Aberration<\/p>\n

\u73b0\u8c61\uff1a\u4e3b\u8f74\u4e0a\u67d0\u4e00\u7269\u70b9\u5411\u5149\u5b66\u7cfb\u7edf\u53d1\u51fa\u7684\u5355\u8272\u5706\u9525\u5f62\u5149\u675f\uff0c\u7ecf\u5149\u5b66\u7cfb\u7edf\u6298\u5c04\u540e\uff0c\u5982\u4e0d\u80fd\u4ea4\u4e8e\u4e3b\u8f74\u4e0a\u7684\u540c\u4e00\u4f4d\u7f6e\uff0c\u800c\u662f\u5f62\u6210\u4e00\u5f25\u6563\u5149\u6591\uff0c\u5219\u6b64\u5149\u5b66\u7cfb\u7edf\u7684\u6210\u50cf\u8bef\u5dee\u79f0\u4e3a\u7403\u5dee\u3002\u89e3\u51b3\uff1a1. \u975e\u7403\u9762\u900f\u955c\uff1b 2. \u6b63\u8d1f\u900f\u955c\u7ec4\u62b5\u6d88\u7403\u5dee\u3002<\/p>\n

<\/p>\n

\u7403\u5deeSpherical Aberration<\/p>\n

2.1.2 \u5f57\u5dee Coma<\/p>\n

\u73b0\u8c61\uff1a\u4e3b\u8f74\u5916\u67d0\u4e00\u7269\u70b9\u53d1\u51fa\u7684\u5149\uff0c\u7ecf\u5149\u5b66\u7cfb\u7edf\u6298\u5c04\u540e\uff0c\u5728\u6210\u50cf\u5e73\u9762\u4e0a\u4e0d\u518d\u76f8\u4ea4\u4e8e\u4e00\u70b9\uff0c\u5728\u5782\u8f74\u65b9\u5411\u4e5f\u4e0d\u4e0e\u4e3b\u5149\u7ebf\u76f8\u4ea4\uff0c\u5373\u76f8\u5bf9\u4e3b\u5149\u7ebf\u5931\u53bb\u5bf9\u79f0\u6027\u3002\u5176\u5728\u7406\u60f3\u50cf\u5e73\u9762\u5904\u4e0d\u80fd\u7ed3\u6210\u6e05\u6670\u70b9\uff0c\u800c\u662f\u7ed3\u6210\u62d6\u7740\u660e\u4eae\u5c3e\u5df4\u7684\u6167\u661f\u5f62\u4e0d\u5bf9\u79f0\u5f25\u6563\u6591\uff0c\u79f0\u4e3a\u6167\u5dee\u3002<\/p>\n

\u89e3\u51b3\uff1a\u5f57\u5dee\u672c\u8d28\u4e0a\u8fd8\u662f\u56e0\u4e3a\u900f\u955c\u4e0d\u540c\u4f4d\u7f6e\u6298\u5c04\u80fd\u529b\u5dee\u5f02\u6240\u5bfc\u81f4\uff0c\u5176\u6821\u6b63\u65b9\u6cd5\u548c\u7403\u5dee\u5927\u4f53\u7c7b\u4f3c\u3002<\/p>\n

<\/p>\n

2.1.3 \u50cf\u6563 Astigmatism<\/p>\n

\u73b0\u8c61\uff1a\u4e3b\u8f74\u5916\u67d0\u4e00\u7269\u70b9\u7684\u5149\uff0c\u7ecf\u8be5\u5149\u5b66\u7cfb\u7edf\u6298\u5c04\u540e\uff0c\u6c34\u5e73\u548c\u5782\u76f4\u65b9\u5411\u7684\u5149\u7ebf\u5177\u6709\u4e0d\u540c\u7684\u7126\u70b9\uff0c\u4e0d\u80fd\u7ed3\u6210\u4e00\u4e2a\u6e05\u6670\u50cf\u70b9\uff0c\u53ea\u80fd\u5f62\u6210\u4e00\u4e2a\u5f25\u6563\u5149\u6591\uff0c\u79f0\u4e3a\u50cf\u6563\u3002\u6c34\u5e73\u5782\u76f4\u7684\u7126\u8ddd\u5dee\u79f0\u4e3a\u50cf\u6563\u8ddd\u79bb\u3002<\/p>\n

\u89e3\u51b3\uff1a\u955c\u5934\u5bf9\u79f0\u5ea6\u4e0d\u884c\u7684\u539f\u56e0\uff0c\u63d0\u9ad8\u5bf9\u79f0\u5ea6\u3002<\/p>\n

<\/p>\n

2.1.4 \u573a\u66f2 Field Curvature<\/p>\n

\u73b0\u8c61\uff1a\u5e73\u9762\u7269\u4f53\u7ecf\u5149\u5b66\u7cfb\u7edf\u7ed3\u6210\u7684\u6e05\u6670\u5f71\u50cf\uff0c\u4e0d\u5728\u6b63\u540e\u65b9\u7684\u50cf\u5e73\u9762\u4e0a\uff0c\u800c\u5728\u4ee5\u4e3b\u8f74\u5bf9\u79f0\u7684\u5f2f\u66f2\u8868\u9762\u4e0a\uff0c\u79f0\u4e3a\u573a\u66f2\u3002\u5f53\u8c03\u7126\u81f3\u753b\u9762\u4e2d\u592e\u5f71\u50cf\u6e05\u6670\u65f6\uff0c\u56db\u5468\u5f71\u50cf\u6a21\u7cca\uff1b\u56db\u5468\u6e05\u6670\u5219\u4e2d\u592e\u6a21\u7cca\u3002<\/p>\n

\u89e3\u51b3\uff1a\u5bf9\u79f0\u900f\u955c\u7ec4\u89e3\u51b3\u3002<\/p>\n

<\/p>\n

2.1.5 \u5f84\u5411\u7578\u53d8 Radial Distortion<\/p>\n

\u73b0\u8c61\uff1a\u5e73\u9762\u7269\u4f53\u4e3b\u8f74\u5916\u7684\u76f4\u7ebf\uff0c\u7ecf\u5149\u5b66\u7cfb\u7edf\u6210\u50cf\u540e\u53d8\u4e3a\u66f2\u7ebf\uff0c\u79f0\u4e3a\u7578\u53d8\u3002\u7578\u53d8\u53ea\u5f71\u54cd\u5f71\u50cf\u7684\u51e0\u4f55\u5f62\u72b6\uff0c\u800c\u4e0d\u5f71\u54cd\u56fe\u50cf\u6e05\u6670\u5ea6\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e0e\u7403\u5dee\u3001\u6167\u5dee\u3001\u50cf\u6563\u3001\u573a\u66f2\u6709\u7740\u6839\u672c\u533a\u522b\u3002e data-draft-node=”block” data-draft-type=”table” data-size=”normal” data-row-style=”normal”>e data-draft-node=”block” data-draft-type=”table” data-size=”normal” data-row-style=”normal”><\/p>\n

\u89e3\u51b3\uff1a\u7531\u7403\u9762\u955c\u5934\u56fa\u6709\u7279\u6027\u5f15\u8d77\uff0c\u5728\u5e7f\u89d2\u955c\u5934\u4e2d\u5e38\u89c1\uff0c\u6295\u5f71\u5b58\u5728\u975e\u76f8\u4f3c\u6027\u3002\u53ef\u5728\u8f93\u51fa\u65f6\u901a\u8fc7\u53c2\u6570\u6807\u5b9a\u6821\u6b63\uff0c\u91c7\u7528\u975e\u7403\u9762\u955c\u5934\u4e5f\u53ef\u4ee5\u3002x_{correct} = x(1+k_1r^2+k_2r^4+k_3r^6…) \uff0c y_{correct} = y(1+k_1r^2+k_2r^4+k_3r^6…)<\/p>\n

<\/p>\n

2.1.6 \u5207\u5411\u7578\u53d8 Tangential distortion<\/p>\n

\u73b0\u8c61\uff1a\u201c\u5207\u5411\u7578\u53d8\u201d\u5c31\u662f\u77e2\u91cf\u7aef\u70b9\u6cbf\u5207\u7ebf\u65b9\u5411\u53d1\u751f\u7684\u53d8\u5316\uff0c\u4e5f\u5c31\u662f\u89d2\u5ea6\u7684\u53d8\u5316dt\u3002\u5207\u5411\u7578\u53d8\u662f\u7531\u4e8e\u6444\u50cf\u673a\u5236\u9020\u4e0a\u7684\u7f3a\u9677\u4f7f\u5f97\u900f\u955c\u672c\u8eab\u4e0e\u56fe\u50cf\u5e73\u9762\u4e0d\u5e73\u884c\u800c\u4ea7\u751f\u7684\uff0c\u53ef\u5b9a\u91cf\u63cf\u8ff0\u4e3a\uff1ax_{correct} = x+(2p_1xy+p_2(r^2+2x^2)) \uff0c y_{correct} = y+(p_1(r^2+2y^2)+2p_2xy)<\/p>\n

\u89e3\u51b3\uff1a\u63d0\u5347\u5b89\u88c5\u7cbe\u5ea6\uff0c\u6216\u8005\u540e\u7eed\u901a\u8fc7\u53c2\u6570\u6807\u5b9a\u6821\u6b63<\/p>\n

<\/p>\n

2.1.7 \u8f74\u5411\u8272\u5deeAxial Chromatic Aberrationa<\/p>\n

\u73b0\u8c61\uff1a\u767d\u8272\u7269\u4f53\u5411\u5149\u5b66\u7cfb\u7edf\u53d1\u51fa\u4e00\u675f\u767d\u5149\uff0c\u7ecf\u5149\u5b66\u7cfb\u7edf\u6298\u5c04\u540e\uff0c\u5404\u8272\u5149\u4e0d\u80fd\u4f1a\u805a\u4e8e\u4e00\u70b9\u4e0a\uff0c\u800c\u5f62\u6210\u4e00\u5f69\u8272\u50cf\u6591\uff0c\u79f0\u4e3a\u8272\u5dee\u3002<\/p>\n

\u5176\u539f\u56e0\u662f\u5149\u5b66\u73bb\u7483\u5bf9\u4e0d\u540c\u6ce2\u957f\u7684\u5149\u7ebf\u7684\u6298\u5c04\u7387\u4e0d\u540c\uff0c\u77ed\u6ce2\u5149\u6298\u5c04\u7387\u5927\uff0c\u957f\u6ce2\u5149\u6298\u5c04\u7387\u5c0f\u3002\u8f74\u5411\u8272\u5dee\uff1a\u4e0d\u540c\u6ce2\u957f\u7684\u5149\u7ebf\u6cbf\u8f74\u805a\u7126\u5728\u4e0d\u540c\u7684\u7126\u70b9\u4e0a\uff0c\u8fd9\u5c31\u662f\u8f74\u5411\u8272\u5dee\u3002<\/p>\n

\u89e3\u51b3\uff1a\u53cc\u80f6\u5408\u6d88\u8272\u5dee\u900f\u955c\u3001\u4e09\u80f6\u5408\u590d\u6d88\u8272\u5dee\u900f\u955c\uff08\u7531\u6298\u5c04\u7387\u4e0d\u540c\u7684\u900f\u955c\u80f6\u5408\u800c\u6210\uff09\u3002<\/p>\n

\u6839\u636e\u6750\u6599\u8272\u6563\u7279\u6027\u4e0d\u540c\uff0c\u6750\u6599\u5206\u4e3a\u5195\u724c\u73bb\u7483\uff08\u8272\u6563\u80fd\u529b\u8f83\u5f31\u7684\u6750\u6599\uff09\u548c\u706b\u77f3\u73bb\u7483\uff08\u8272\u6563\u80fd\u529b\u6bd4\u8f83\u5f3a\u7684\u6750\u6599\uff09\uff0c\u5728\u5149\u5b66\u8bbe\u8ba1\u4e2d\u53ef\u4ee5\u4f7f\u7528\u8fd9\u4e24\u79cd\u73bb\u7483\u6750\u6599\u7684\u7ec4\u5408\u5bf9\u8272\u5dee\u8fdb\u884c\u8865\u507f\u3002\uff08Zemax\u8bbe\u8ba1\u4eff\u771f\uff09<\/p>\n

<\/p>\n

2.1.8 \u500d\u7387\u8272\u5dee<\/p>\n

\u73b0\u8c61\uff1a\u5728\u8f74\u5916\u65b9\u5411\u4e0a\uff0c\u4e0d\u540c\u7684\u6ce2\u957f\u4e5f\u53ef\u80fd\u4f1a\u805a\u7126\u5728\u50cf\u5e73\u9762\u7684\u4e0d\u540c\u70b9\u4e0a\u3002\u8be5\u6a2a\u5411\u8272\u5dee\u5bfc\u81f4\u5728\u56fe\u50cf\u7684\u9ad8\u5bf9\u6bd4\u5ea6\u533a\u57df\u4e2d\u51fa\u73b0\u8272\u5e26\u3002\u500d\u7387\u8272\u5dee\u6307\u7684\u662f\u8f74\u5916\u7269\u70b9\u6210\u50cf\u653e\u5927\u7387\u968f\u6ce2\u957f\uff08\u6298\u5c04\u7387\uff09\u7684\u53d8\u5316\u800c\u53d8\u5316\u3002<\/p>\n

\u89e3\u51b3\uff1a\u500d\u7387\u8272\u5dee\u662f\u6298\u5c04\u7387\u4e0e\u89c6\u573a\u7684\u51fd\u6570\uff0c\u53ef\u901a\u8fc7\u79fb\u52a8\u5b54\u5f84\u4f4d\u7f6e\u6216\u8005\u900f\u955c\u95f4\u8ddd\u7684\u65b9\u5f0f\u6821\u6b63\u3002\u901a\u5e38\u4f7f\u7528\u6298\u5c04\u7387\u4e0d\u540c\u7684\u900f\u955c\u7ec4\u6210\u5bf9\u79f0\u7ed3\u6784\uff0c\u5c06\u4e24\u4e2a\u6ce2\u957f\u7684\u5149\u805a\u7126\u5230\u540c\u4e00\u5e73\u9762\u4e0a\u3002<\/p>\n

2.2 \u6ce2\u5dee Wavefront Aberration<\/p>\n

\u82e5\u57fa\u4e8e\u6ce2\u52a8\u5149\u5b66\u7406\u8bba\uff0c\u5728\u8fd1\u8f74\u533a\u5185\uff0c\u4e00\u4e2a\u7269\u4f53\u70b9\u53d1\u51fa\u7684\u7403\u9762\u6ce2\u7ecf\u5149\u5b66\u7cfb\u7edf\u540e\u4ecd\u662f\u7403\u9762\u6ce2\uff0c\u7531\u4e8e\u884d\u5c04\u73b0\u8c61\u7684\u5b58\u5728\uff0c\u4e00\u4e2a\u7269\u4f53\u7684\u7406\u60f3\u50cf\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u590d\u6742\u7684\u827e\u91cc\u6591(Airy Disk)\u3002\u7531\u4e8e\u50cf\u5dee\u7684\u5b58\u5728\uff0c\u7ecf\u8fc7\u5149\u5b66\u7cfb\u7edf\u5f62\u6210\u7684\u6ce2\u9762\u5df2\u4e0d\u662f\u7403\u9762\uff0c\u8fd9\u79cd\u5b9e\u9645\u6ce2\u9762\u548c\u7406\u60f3\u7403\u9762\u7684\u504f\u5dee\uff0c\u5b9e\u9645\u6ce2\u9762\u548c\u7406\u60f3\u6ce2\u9762\u5728\u51fa\u77b3\u5904\u76f8\u5207\u65f6\uff0c\u4e24\u6ce2\u9762\u95f4\u7684\u5149\u7a0b\u5dee\u5c31\u662f\u6ce2\u50cf\u5dee\uff0c\u7b80\u79f0\u6ce2\u5dee\u3002<\/p>\n

<\/p>\n

Wavefront Aberration & Airy DiskRef\uff1aRef\uff1aOptical aberration – Wikipedia\u952e\u76d8\u6444\u5f71\uff08\u4e5d\uff09\u2014\u2014\u5149\u5b66\u50cf\u5dee – \u77e5\u4e4e (zhihu.com)<\/p>\n

\u5149\u5b66\u7cfb\u7edf\u50cf\u5dee\u6742\u8c08\uff083\uff09\uff1a\u7406\u60f3\u7684\u5c3d\u5934 – \u77e5\u4e4e (zhihu.com)<\/p>\n

Aberrations – Opto Engineering (opto-e.com)(\u56fe\u7247\u6765\u6e90)Coma (optics) – Wikipedia<\/p>\n

3. \u76f8\u673a\u7684\u6807\u5b9a<\/p>\n

3.1 \u6807\u5b9a\u7684\u76ee\u7684<\/p>\n

\u5c0f\u5b54\u6a21\u578b\u662f\u7406\u8bba\u7684\u6210\u50cf\u6a21\u578b\uff0c\u800c\u5b9e\u9645\u4e0a\uff0c\u955c\u5934\u603b\u4f1a\u56e0\u4e3a\u5236\u9020\u5b89\u88c5\u7b49\u539f\u56e0\u4ea7\u751f\u5f84\u5411\u548c\u5207\u5411\u7578\u53d8\uff08Distortion\uff09\u3002\u751a\u81f3\u4e8e\uff0c\u9c7c\u773c\u76f8\u673a\u8fd8\u4f1a\u4e3b\u52a8\u5236\u9020\u7578\u53d8\u4ee5\u5bb9\u7eb3\u66f4\u5bbd\u7684\u89c6\u89d2\u3002<\/p>\n

\u800c\u5728\u91cd\u5efa\u4e09\u7ef4\u4fe1\u606f\u8fc7\u7a0b\u4e2d\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u9700\u8981\u5229\u7528\u56fe\u50cf\u5e73\u9762\u7279\u5f81\u70b9 + \u7279\u5f81\u70b9\u5bf9\u5e94\u6df1\u5ea6\u503c + \u76f8\u673a\u5185\u53c2 + \u5916\u53c2\uff0c\u5229\u7528\u5c0f\u5b54\u6210\u50cf\u6a21\u578b\uff0c\u6765\u8ba1\u7b97\u8be5\u7279\u5f81\u70b9\u4e09\u7ef4\u5750\u6807\u3002\u6b64\u65f6\u7684\u7578\u53d8\u5c31\u9700\u8981\u7ecf\u8fc7\u77eb\u6b63\uff0c\u4e5f\u5373\u662f\uff1a\u201c\u76f8\u673a\u7684\u6807\u5b9a\uff08Calibration\uff09\u201d\u3002<\/p>\n

\u5f53\u7136\uff0c\u901a\u8fc7\u6570\u636e\u7684\u6807\u5b9a\u53ea\u80fd\u89e3\u51b3\u4e0a\u4e00\u7ae0\u63d0\u5230\u7684\u7578\u53d8\u95ee\u9898\uff0c\u5176\u4ed6\u7684\u5404\u79cd\u5149\u5b66\u50cf\u5dee\u6bd4\u5982\u4ec0\u4e48\u7403\u5dee\u3001\u5f57\u5dee\u3001\u573a\u66f2\uff0c\u5219\u90fd\u9700\u8981\u901a\u8fc7\u6539\u8fdb\u900f\u955c\u7ec4\u6765\u89e3\u51b3\uff0c\u4fd7\u79f0\u201c\u949e\u80fd\u529b\u201d\u30023.2 \u5c0f\u5b54\u76f8\u673a\u6807\u5b9a\u2014\u2014\u5f20\u6b63\u53cb\u6807\u5b9a\u6cd5\u5173\u4e8e\u5c0f\u5b54\u76f8\u673a\uff0c\u6700\u5e38\u7528\u7684\u8fd8\u662f\u5f20\u6b63\u53cb\u6807\u5b9a\u6cd5\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u901a\u8fc7\u6807\u5b9a\u6d88\u9664\u5f84\u5411\u7578\u53d8\uff0c\u4f46\u5ffd\u7565\u4e86\u5207\u5411\u7578\u53d8\u3002<\/p>\n

\u5177\u4f53\u8fc7\u7a0b\u3002\u8fd9\u4e2a\u5c31\u4e0d\u5199\u4e86\u3002\u76f4\u63a5\u770b\u4e0b\u9762\u8fd9\u7bc7\u77e5\u4e4e\u4e13\u680f\u5c31\u884c\uff0c\u5341\u5206\u8be6\u7ec6\uff1a\u5f20\u6b63\u53cb\u6807\u5b9a\u6cd5-\u5b8c\u6574\u5b66\u4e60\u7b14\u8bb0-\u4ece\u539f\u7406\u5230\u5b9e\u6218 – \u77e5\u4e4e (zhihu.com)<\/p>\n

3.2.1 \u8003\u8651\u7578\u53d8\u7684\u60c5\u51b5\u5bf9\u4e0a\u9762\u7684\u6587\u7ae0\u8fdb\u884c\u4e00\u4e9b\u8865\u5145\uff1a\u5f20\u6b63\u53cb\u6807\u5b9a\u6cd5\uff0c\u53ea\u8003\u8651\u4e86\u5f71\u54cd\u6700\u5927\u7684\u5f84\u5411\u7578\u53d8\uff0c\u5e76\u5ffd\u7565\u4e864\u9636\u4ee5\u4e0a\u7684\u7578\u53d8\u91cf\u3002x_d=x_u[k_1(x_u^2+y_u^2)+k_2(x_u^2+y_u^2)]<\/p>\n

y_d=y_u[k_1(x_u^2+y_u^2)+k_2(x_u^2+y_u^2)]<\/p>\n

x_u \u4e3a\u7406\u60f3\u5750\u6807\uff0c x_d \u4e3a\u73b0\u5b9e\u5750\u6807\u3002u,v \u7684\u5750\u6807\uff1aleft[begin{matrix}hat{u}\\begin{matrix}hat{v}\\1\\end{matrix}\\end{matrix}right]=left[begin{matrix}f_x&gamma&u_0\\0&f_y&v_0\\0&0&1\\end{matrix}right]left[begin{matrix}x_d\\y_d\\1\\end{matrix}right]<\/p>\n

\u53ef\u5f97\uff1ahat{u}=u_0+f_x x_d+gamma y_d hat{v}=v_0+f_yy_d<\/p>\n

\u540c\u7406\u53ef\u5f97\uff1au=u_0+f_x x_u+gamma y_u v=v_0+f_yy_u<\/p>\n

\u8054\u7acb\uff1ahat{u}={u+(u-u}_0)left[k_1left(x_u^2+y_u^2right)+k_2left(x_u^2+y_u^2right)right] \u3001hat{v}={v+(v-v}_0)left[k_1left(x_u^2+y_u^2right)+k_2left(x_u^2+y_u^2right)right]<\/p>\n

\u5176\u4e2d\uff0c u,v\u662f\u7406\u60f3\u5750\u6807\uff0c hat{u}\uff0chat{v} \u4e3a\u5b9e\u9645\u50cf\u7d20\u5750\u6807\u5199\u6210\u77e9\u9635\u5f62\u5f0f\uff1aleft[begin{matrix}{(u-u}_0)left(x_u^2+y_u^2right)&{(u-u}_0)left(x_u^2+y_u^2right)\\{(v-v}_0)left(x_u^2+y_u^2right)&{(v-v}_0)left(x_u^2+y_u^2right)\\end{matrix}right]left[begin{matrix}k_1\\k_2\\end{matrix}right]=left[begin{matrix}hat{u}-u\\hat{v}-v\\end{matrix}right]<\/p>\n

\u7b80\u5199\uff1a Dk= d \u5219\uff1a k= D^{-1} d<\/p>\n

\u7406\u8bba\u5982\u6b64\uff0c\u800c\u5b9e\u9645\u4e0a\u5b58\u5728\u566a\u58f0\uff0c\u56e0\u6b64\uff0c\u91c7\u7528\u6781\u5927\u4f3c\u7136\u4f30\u8ba1\u8fdb\u884c\u4f18\u5316\u5373\u53ef\uff1b3.2.2 \u5185\u53c2\u77e9\u9635\u03b3\u7684\u89e3\u91ca\u4e24\u5e73\u9762\u7684\u5939\u89d2\u03b3\u662f\u7531\u4e8e\u5236\u9020\u8bef\u5dee\u4ea7\u751f\u7684\u4e24\u4e2a\u5750\u6807\u8f74\u504f\u659c\u53c2\u6570\uff0c\u901a\u5e38\u5f88\u5c0f\u3002<\/p>\n

\u5f53 u,v \u4e24\u8f74\u6709\u5939\u89d2 theta \u7684\u65f6\u5019\uff1au=frac{x-ycottheta}{d_x}{+u}_0 \uff0c v=frac{y}{d_ysintheta}v_0<\/p>\n

\u5199\u6210\u9f50\u6b21\u5f62\u5f0f\uff1aleft[begin{matrix}u\\begin{matrix}v\\1\\end{matrix}\\end{matrix}right]=left[begin{matrix}frac{1}{d_x}&-frac{1}{d_xtantheta}&u_0\\0&frac{1}{d_ysintheta}&v_0\\0&0&1\\end{matrix}right]left[begin{matrix}x\\y\\1\\end{matrix}right]<\/p>\n

\u56e0\u6b64\u5185\u53c2\u77e9\u9635\u4e3a\uff1aK=left[begin{matrix}frac{1}{d_x}&-frac{1}{d_xtantheta}&u_0\\0&frac{1}{d_ysintheta}&v_0\\0&0&1\\end{matrix}right]left[begin{matrix}f&0&0\\0&f&0\\0&0&1\\end{matrix}right]=left[begin{matrix}k_x&k_s&u_0\\0&k_y&v_0\\0&0&1\\end{matrix}right]<\/p>\n

\u5f53u,v\u4e24\u4e2a\u8f74\u4e4b\u95f4\u7684\u5939\u89d2\u662f\u7406\u60f3\u768490\u00b0\u7684\u65f6\u5019\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u770b\u51fa\uff0c gamma = 0 \u3002<\/p>\n

REF\uff1aA Flexible New Technique for Camera Calibration, Zhengyou Zhang, IEEE TRANS ON PATTERN ANALYSIS AND MACHINE INTELLIGENCE, VOL. 22, NO. 11, NOVEMBER 2000.Flexible Camera Calibration By Viewing a Plane From Unknown Orientations, Zhengyou Zhang\u300a\u89c6\u89c9SLAM14\u8bb2\u300b \u9ad8\u7fd4[\u56fe\u50cf]\u6444\u50cf\u673a\u6807\u5b9a(1) \u6807\u5b9a\u4e2d\u7684\u56db\u4e2a\u5750\u6807\u7cfb_\u7965\u7684\u4e13\u680f-CSDN\u535a\u5ba2_\u5750\u6807\u7cfb \u6807\u5b9a\u5f20\u6b63\u53cb\u6807\u5b9a\u6cd5-\u5b8c\u6574\u5b66\u4e60\u7b14\u8bb0-\u4ece\u539f\u7406\u5230\u5b9e\u6218 – \u77e5\u4e4e (zhihu.com)<\/p>\n

4. \u4fe1\u53f7\u8f6c\u6362\uff1aCMOS\u4e0eCCD\u56fe\u50cf\u4f20\u611f\u5668<\/p>\n

\u672c\u8282\u4ecb\u7ecd\u7535\u5b50\u56fe\u50cf\u4f20\u611f\u5668\u7684\u79cd\u7c7b\u4e0e\u53d1\u5c55\uff0c\u80f6\u7247\u5f0f\u7684\u4e0d\u8c08\uff0c\u6709\u5174\u8da3\u7684\u81ea\u884c\u67e5\u9605\u3002\u5173\u4e8ePMT\u4ee5\u53ca\u771f\u7a7a\u6444\u50cf\u7ba1\u7684\u5185\u5bb9\uff0c\u4eca\u540e\u57fa\u672c\u6c38\u8fdc\u7528\u4e0d\u5230\uff0c\u4f46\u8fd9\u4e9b\u77e5\u8bc6\u5b9e\u5728\u6709\u8da3\uff0c\u6240\u4ee5\u8fd8\u662f\u5199\u4e86\u4e0b\u6765\u3002\u5176\u5b9e\uff0c\u5173\u4e8e\u6574\u7bc7\u6587\u7ae0\u5173\u4e8e\u5668\u4ef6\u7684\u5185\u5bb9\uff0c\u4eba\u4eec\u57fa\u672c\u4e5f\u7528\u4e0d\u5230\u3002\u4f46\u7528\u5404\u79cd\u7b97\u6cd5\u5904\u7406\u4e86\u534a\u5929\u56fe\u50cf\uff0c\u5374\u8fde\u56fe\u50cf\u672c\u8eab\u662f\u5982\u4f55\u5f62\u6210\u7684\u90fd\u4e0d\u77e5\u9053\uff0c\u4e0d\u80fd\u4e0d\u8bf4\u662f\u4e00\u79cd\u9057\u61be\u3002<\/p>\n

4.1 \u56fe\u50cf\u4f20\u611f\u5668\u7684\u53d1\u5c55<\/p>\n

\u4e4b\u524d\u8bf4\u8fc7\uff0c\u6240\u8c13\u7684\u56fe\u50cf\u4f20\u611f\u5668\u6700\u6839\u672c\u7684\u539f\u7406\u5c31\u662f\u201c\u5149\u7535\u6548\u5e94\u201d\uff0c\u5176\u6700\u57fa\u7840\u7684\u5668\u4ef6\u5c31\u662f\u201c\u5149\u7535\u4e8c\u6781\u7ba1\u201d\u3002<\/p>\n

\u90a3\u4e48\uff0c\u5982\u4f55\u5229\u7528\u5149\u7535\u4e8c\u6781\u7ba1\u5b9e\u73b0\u201c\u7167\u76f8\u201d\u7684\u529f\u80fd\u5462\uff1f\u6211\u4eec\u80fd\u60f3\u5230\u7684\u65b9\u5f0f\u6709\uff1a\u7528\u4e00\u4e2a\u5149\u7535\u4e8c\u6781\u7ba1\u642d\u914d2D\u5e73\u9762\u626b\u63cf\u673a\u6784\u3001\u6216\u4e00\u6392\u5149\u7535\u4e8c\u6781\u7ba1\u642d\u914d1D\u7ebf\u626b\u63cf\u673a\u6784\u3001\u6216\u4f7f\u7528\u9762\u9635\u5149\u7535\u4e8c\u6781\u7ba1\u4e00\u6b21\u6027\u6210\u50cf\u3002<\/p>\n

\u800c\u626b\u63cf\u673a\u6784\u4e2d\uff0c\u8fd8\u53ef\u4ee5\u6709\u673a\u68b0\u626b\u63cf\u6216\u8005\u7535\u626b\u63cf\uff0c\u662f\u4e0d\u662f\u6709\u70b9\u7c7b\u4f3c\u4e8e\u673a\u68b0\u5f0f\u6fc0\u5149\u96f7\u8fbe\u548c\u56fa\u6001\u6fc0\u5149\u96f7\u8fbe\u7684\u533a\u5206\uff1f\u6bd4\u5982\uff0c\u6253\u5370\u673a\u91cc\u9762\u7684\u626b\u63cf\u4eea\u66f4\u591a\u7684\u91c7\u7528\u673a\u68b0\u626b\u63cf\u7684\u65b9\u5f0f\uff0c\u800c\u7167\u76f8\u673a\u591a\u91c7\u7528\u9762\u9635\u4f20\u611f\u5668\u3002<\/p>\n

\u5f88\u5bb9\u6613\u60f3\u5230\u8fd9\u4e24\u79cd\u65b9\u6848\u7684\u7279\u70b9\uff1a\u626b\u63cf\u5f0f\u5236\u9020\u76f8\u5bf9\u66f4\u5bb9\u6613\uff0c\u4f46\u6210\u50cf\u901f\u5ea6\u6162\uff0c\u7ed3\u6784\u4f53\u79ef\u5927\uff0c\u4e0d\u5177\u5907\u6210\u4e3a\u4fbf\u643a\u76f8\u673a\u7684\u53ef\u80fd\u6027\u3002\u800c\u9762\u9635\u4f20\u611f\u5668\u8981\u6c42\u5728\u5f88\u5c0f\u7684\u9762\u79ef\u5185\u96c6\u6210\u5343\u4e07\u4e2a\u6210\u50cf\u5355\u5143\uff0c\u5176\u5236\u9020\u96be\u5ea6\u9661\u7136\u63d0\u5347\u3002<\/p>\n

<\/p>\n

\u56fe\u50cf\u4f20\u611f\u5668\u53d1\u5c55\u53f2<\/p>\n

4.1.1 PMT+\u673a\u68b0\u626b\u63cf<\/p>\n

\u4e0a\u4e16\u7eaa50\u5e74\u4ee3\uff0c\u5149\u5b66\u500d\u589e\u7ba1\uff08Photo Multiplier Tube\uff0cPMT\uff09\u51fa\u73b0\u3002\u5176\u5de5\u4f5c\u539f\u7406\u662f\uff1a\u5149\u5b50\u5728PMT\u5165\u5c04\u7a97\u5904\u649e\u51fb\u5149\u7535\u9634\u6781\u4ea7\u751f\u7535\u5b50\uff0c\u7136\u540e\u7535\u5b50\u7531\u9ad8\u538b\u573a\u52a0\u901f\uff0c\u5728\u4e8c\u6b21\u52a0\u5de5\u8fc7\u7a0b\u4e2d\u5728\u500d\u589e\u7535\u6781\u94fe\u4e2d\u500d\u589e\u53d1\u5c04\u3002PMT\u7ed3\u5408\u4e86\u9ad8\u589e\u76ca\u3001\u4f4e\u566a\u58f0\u3001\u9ad8\u9891\u7387\u54cd\u5e94\u548c\u5927\u4fe1\u53f7\u63a5\u6536\u533a\u7b49\u7279\u5f81\uff0c\u53ef\u63a2\u6d4b\u7d2b\u5916\uff0c\u53ef\u89c1\u548c\u8fd1\u7ea2\u5916\u5149\u8c31\u533a\uff0c\u63d0\u4f9b\u4e0e\u5149\u5f3a\u5ea6\u6210\u6bd4\u4f8b\u7684\u7535\u6d41\u8f93\u51fa\u3002<\/p>\n

\u56e0\u6b64\uff0c\u914d\u5408\u673a\u68b0\u626b\u63cf\u7ed3\u6784\uff0c\u88ab\u5e7f\u6cdb\u5e94\u7528\u4e8e\u533b\u5b66\u6210\u50cf\uff0c\u96f7\u8fbe\u5e72\u6270\u548c\u56fe\u50cf\u626b\u63cf\u4eea\u4e2d\u30021965\u5e74-1970\u5e74\uff0cIBM\u3001Fairchild\u7b49\u4f01\u4e1a\u5f00\u53d1\u8fd8\u4e86\u5149\u7535\u4ee5\u53ca\u53cc\u6781\u4e8c\u6781\u7ba1\u9635\u5217\u3002<\/p>\n

<\/p>\n

\u5149\u7535\u500d\u589e\u7ba1PMT<\/p>\n

4.1.2 \u6444\u50cf\u7ba1+\u7535\u626b\u63cf<\/p>\n

\u5148\u6765\u60f3\u4e00\u4e2a\u95ee\u9898\uff1a\u5728\u6ca1\u6709CCD\uff0cCMOS\u7684\u65f6\u4ee3\uff0c\u4eba\u7c7b\u53d1\u5c04\u7684\u536b\u661f\u662f\u5982\u4f55\u56de\u4f20\u7167\u7247\u7684\uff1f\u6bd5\u7adf\u4f7f\u7528\u80f6\u5377\u673a\u7684\u8bdd\uff0c\u53ea\u80fd\u7b49\u536b\u661f\u56de\u5230\u5730\u7403\u540e\u624d\u80fd\u53d6\u5f97\u7167\u7247\u3002<\/p>\n

\u7b54\u6848\u662f\uff1a\u91c7\u7528\u771f\u7a7a\u6444\u50cf\u7ba1\u3002\u8fd9\u4e2a\u4e1c\u897f\u5927\u5bb6\u5e94\u8be5\u5e76\u4e0d\u964c\u751f\uff0c\u5b83\u5b8c\u5168\u5c31\u662f\u8001\u5f0f\u7535\u89c6\u673a\u6240\u4f7f\u7528\u7684\u663e\u50cf\u7ba1\u7684\u9006\uff0c\u662f\u548c\u663e\u50cf\u7ba1\u4e00\u8d77\u88ab\u53d1\u660e\u5e76\u7533\u8bf7\u4e13\u5229\u7684\u3002<\/p>\n

<\/p>\n

\u6444\u50cf\u7ba1\u4e0e\u65c5\u884c\u8005\u53f7\u7684\u6444\u50cf\u673a\u663e\u50cf\u7ba1\u7535\u89c6\u7684\u539f\u7406\u9ad8\u4e2d\u65f6\u5019\u90fd\u5b66\u8fc7\uff0c\u627f\u8f7d\u4fe1\u53f7\u7684\u7535\u5b50\u675f\u88ab\u78c1\u573a\u504f\u8f6c\u540e\u6253\u5728\u8367\u5149\u5c4f\u4e0a\uff0c\u53d1\u51fa\u5149\u4eae\u3002\u5f53\u5176\u4ee5\u6781\u9ad8\u901f\u5ea6\u5b9e\u73b0\u626b\u63cf\u65f6\u5019\uff0c\u5c31\u53ef\u4ee5\u5448\u73b0\u5f71\u50cf\u3002\u800c\u6444\u50cf\u7ba1\u7531\u5149\u7535\u8f6c\u6362\u548c\u7535\u5b50\u675f\u626b\u63cf\u7cfb\u7edf\u7ec4\u6210\u3002<\/p>\n

\u5176\u6210\u50cf\u53ef\u5206\u4e3a\u4e09\u4e2a\u6b65\u9aa4\uff1a\u5149\u654f\u5143\u4ef6\u63a5\u6536\u8f93\u5165\u8f90\u7167\u8fdb\u884c\u5149\u7535\u8f6c\u6362\uff0c\u5e76\u5c06\u4e8c\u7ef4\u5149\u5f3a\u8f6c\u53d8\u4e3a\u7535\u91cf\u2014\u2014\uff08\u5149\u7535\u8f6c\u5316\uff09\uff1b \u6444\u50cf\u7ba1\u7684\u7535\u8377\u5b58\u50a8\u5143\u4ef6\u5728\u4e00\u5e27\u7684\u5468\u671f\u5185\u8fde\u7eed\u79ef\u7d2f\u5149\u654f\u5143\u4ef6\u4ea7\u751f\u7684\u7535\u91cf\uff0c\u5e76\u4fdd\u6301\u7535\u8377\u91cf\u5728\u7a7a\u95f4\u7684\u5206\u5e03\uff0c\u5b58\u50a8\u7535\u8377\u7684\u5143\u4ef6\u79f0\u4e4b\u4e3a\u9776\u2014\u2014\uff08\u7535\u8377\u79ef\u7d2f\u4e0e\u5b58\u50a8\uff09\uff1b \u6444\u50cf\u7ba1\u7684\u7535\u5b50\u67aa\u4ea7\u751f\u7a7a\u95f4\u4e8c\u7ef4\u626b\u63cf\u7684\u7535\u5b50\u675f\uff0c\u5728\u4e00\u5e27\u7684\u5468\u671f\u5185\u5b8c\u6210\u5168\u9776\u9762\u7684\u626b\u63cf\u2014\u2014\uff08\u8f6c\u79fb\u7535\u8377\uff09\u3002 \u6b63\u662f\u4f9d\u9760\u8fd9\u79cd\u4f53\u79ef\u5927\u3001\u80fd\u8017\u9ad8\u7684\u6444\u50cf\u7cfb\u7edf\uff0c\u65c5\u884c\u8005\u53f7\u62cd\u6444\u4e86\u592a\u9633\u7cfb\u6240\u6709\u884c\u661f\u7684\u7167\u7247\uff0c\u4e3a\u79d1\u5b66\u7814\u7a76\u63d0\u4f9b\u4e86\u5b9d\u8d35\u7684\u8d44\u6599\u3002<\/p>\n

<\/p>\n

\u65c5\u884c\u8005\u53f7\u5229\u7528\u6444\u50cf\u7ba1\u62cd\u6444\u7684\u884c\u661f\u7167\u7247\u4e0b\u9762\u7684\u94fe\u63a5\u5219\u662f70\u5e74\u4ee3\u7528\u6444\u50cf\u7ba1\u76f8\u673a\u8bb0\u5f55\u7684\u5f71\u50cf\uff0c\u5341\u5206\u6709\u8da3\uff1a70\u5e74\u4ee3\u6444\u50cf\u7ba1\u6444\u50cf\u673a\u7684\u8272\u5f69_\u54d4\u54e9\u54d4\u54e9_bilibili<\/p>\n

4.1.3 \u534a\u5bfc\u4f53\u4e0e\u611f\u5149\u82af\u7247<\/p>\n

\u800c\u57281960\u5e74\u4ee3\u540e\uff0c\u534a\u5bfc\u4f53\u5de5\u4e1a\u5f00\u59cb\u84ec\u52c3\u53d1\u5c55\uff0c\u6570\u4ee5\u4ebf\u8bb0\u7684\u6676\u4f53\u7ba1\u53ef\u4ee5\u96c6\u6210\u5728\u6307\u7532\u76d6\u5927\u5c0f\u7684\u7845\u6676\u4e0a\u3002\u800c\u6b63\u662f\u5229\u7528\u534a\u5bfc\u4f53\u6280\u672f\uff0c\u6570\u767e\u4e07\u4e2a\u6210\u50cf\u5355\u5143\u2014\u2014\u5149\u7535\u6676\u4f53\u7ba1\u3001\u4ee5\u53ca\u76f8\u5e94\u7684\u4fe1\u53f7\u5904\u7406\u7535\u8def\u53ef\u4ee5\u96c6\u6210\u5728\u4e00\u5757\u82af\u7247\u4e0a\uff0c\u5b9e\u73b0\u5149\u7535\u4fe1\u53f7\u8f6c\u6362\u3001AD\u4fe1\u53f7\u8f6c\u6362\u3001\u56fe\u50cf\u5904\u7406\u3001\u6700\u7ec8\u5b58\u50a8\u4e3a\u8ba1\u7b97\u673a\u4e0a\u7684\u56fe\u50cf\u6587\u4ef6\u7684\u8fc7\u7a0b\u3002\u8fd9\u662fPMT\u3001\u6444\u50cf\u7ba1\u6b64\u7c7b\u7535\u5b50\u7ba1\u65e0\u8bba\u5982\u4f55\u4e5f\u505a\u4e0d\u5230\u7684\u4e8b\u60c5\u3002<\/p>\n

\u6b63\u5982\u5f53\u5e74\u6570\u5341\u5428\u91cd\u7684ENIAC\u548c\u73b0\u4eca\u7684\u7535\u8111\u4e4b\u5bf9\u6bd4\u3002\u9769\u547d\u6027\u7684\u6210\u679c\u53d1\u751f\u57281969\u5e74\uff0c\u8d1d\u5c14\u5b9e\u9a8c\u5ba4\u7684Willard Boyle\u548cGeorge E. Smith\u53d1\u660e\u4e86\u7535\u8377\u8026\u5408\u5143\u4ef6\uff08Charge-coupled Device\uff0cCCD\uff09\uff0c\u8fd9\u662f\u9996\u4e2a\u9ad8\u96c6\u6210\u5ea6\u7684\u6210\u50cf\u5143\u4ef6\u3002<\/p>\n

\u4f9d\u9760\u6b64\u53d1\u660e\uff0c\u4e24\u4f4d\u53d1\u660e\u5bb6\u83b7\u5f97\u4e862009\u5e74\u7684\u8bfa\u8d1d\u5c14\u7269\u7406\u5b66\u5956\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u5e94\u5f53\u80fd\u770b\u51fa\u8be5\u53d1\u660e\u7684\u5206\u91cf\u6709\u591a\u91cd\u30021995\u5e742\u6708\uff0cPhotobit\u516c\u53f8\u6210\u7acb\uff0c\u5f00\u59cb\u5c06CMOS\u56fe\u50cf\u4f20\u611f\u5668\u6280\u672f\u5b9e\u73b0\u5546\u4e1a\u5316\u3002\u540e\u6765\uff0c\u968f\u7740\u5de5\u827a\u7684\u53d1\u5c55\uff0c\u5176\u4ee5\u66f4\u4f4e\u7684\u6210\u672c\u3001\u529f\u8017\u548c\u66f4\u9ad8\u7684\u901f\u5ea6\u548c\u96c6\u6210\u5ea6\uff0c\u9010\u6b65\u53d6\u4ee3CCD\u6210\u4e3a\u4e3b\u6d41\u7684\u56fe\u50cf\u4f20\u611f\u5668\u3002<\/p>\n

<\/p>\n

2009 Nobel Prize<\/p>\n

\u4e0b\u9762\u6211\u4eec\u5c31\u5206\u522b\u8ba8\u8bbaCCD\u548cCMOS\u56fe\u50cf\u4f20\u611f\u5668\u3002<\/p>\n

4.2 CCD \u4e0e CMOS<\/p>\n

4.2.1 \u57fa\u7840\u7ed3\u6784\uff1aMOSFET<\/p>\n

\u5148\u6765\u76f4\u89c2\u5730\u770b\u770bCCD\u4e0eCMOS\u957f\u4ec0\u4e48\u6837\uff1a\u5982\u4e0b\u56fe\u6240\u793a\uff0c\u4e24\u8005\u770b\u8d77\u6765\u5e76\u65e0\u591a\u5927\u5dee\u522b\u3002\u8fd9\u662f\u975e\u5e38\u6b63\u5e38\u7684\uff0c\u56e0\u4e3a\u4ece\u672c\u8d28\u4e0a\u8bf4\uff0cCCD\u548cCMOS\u90fd\u662f\u573a\u6548\u5e94\u7ba1\uff08MOS\uff0cMetal-Oxide-Semiconductor\uff09\u9635\u5217\u3002<\/p>\n

\u5176\u5dee\u522b\u5728\u4e8e\u4f7f\u7528\u7684\u573a\u6548\u5e94\u7ba1\u7684\u4e0d\u540c\uff0c\u4ee5\u53ca\u4fe1\u606f\u8bfb\u53d6\u65b9\u5f0f\u7684\u4e0d\u540c\u3002\u4e92\u8054\u7f51\u4e0a\u4e00\u5927\u5806\u8d44\u6599\uff0c\u5927\u8c08\u7279\u8c08CMOS\u4e0eCCD\u5b8f\u89c2\u4e0a\u5b58\u5728\u7684\u4e0d\u540c\u70b9\uff0c\u5374\u5bf9\u4e0a\u8ff0\u672c\u8d28\u539f\u7406\u53ea\u5b57\u4e0d\u63d0\uff0c\u662f\u4eba\u4eec\u96be\u4ee5\u5f62\u6210\u5bf9CCD\u548cCMOS\u6e05\u6670\u8ba4\u8bc6\u7684\u4e00\u5927\u539f\u56e0\u3002<\/p>\n

<\/p>\n

CMOS\uff08\u5de6\uff09CCD\uff08\u53f3\uff09\u4e0b\u9762\u5f00\u59cb\u56de\u5fc6\u4e00\u4e9b\u5927\u5b66\u300a\u6570\u5b57\u7535\u8def\u300b\u7684\u5185\u5bb9\u3002MOS\u7684\u5168\u540d\u662f\u201c\u91d1\u5c5e\u6c27\u5316\u7269\u534a\u5bfc\u4f53\u573a\u6548\u5e94\u7ba1 (wikipedia.org)\u201d MOSFET(Metal-Oxide-Semiconductor Field-Effect Transistor)\u3002FET \u573a\u6548\u5e94\u6676\u4f53\u7ba1 \u7b80\u800c\u8a00\u4e4b\uff0cFET\u573a\u6548\u5e94\u6676\u4f53\u7ba1 (Field-Effect Transistor)\u662f\u4e00\u79cd\u534a\u5bfc\u4f53\u7535\u5b50\u5143\u4ef6\uff0c\u662f\u4e00\u79cd\u5229\u7528\u7535\u573a\u6765\u63a7\u5236\u7535\u6d41\u7684\u901a\u65ad\u7684\u5f00\u5173\uff1a\u5176\u53ef\u4ee5\u6839\u636e\u4e00\u4e2a\u8f93\u5165\u7684\u503c\uff081 or 0\uff09\u6765\u51b3\u5b9a\u7535\u6d41\u7684\u901a\u65ad\uff081 or 0\uff09\u3002<\/p>\n

\u8fd9\u5c31\u76f8\u5f53\u4e8e\u6709\u4e86\u4e00\u4e2aif-else\u7684\u903b\u8f91\u5224\u65ad\uff0c\u6545\u800c\u5f88\u591aFET\u7ec4\u5408\u5728\u4e00\u8d77\u5c31\u53ef\u4ee5\u505a\u51fa\u66f4\u591a\u3001\u66f4\u590d\u6742\u7684\u903b\u8f91\u5224\u65ad\u3002\u8fd9\u79cd\u672c\u9886\u4f7f\u5f97FET\u6784\u6210\u4e86\u82af\u7247\u7684\u57fa\u7840\u3002\u53e6\u5916\uff0c\u5f53\u524d\u65b0\u80fd\u6e90\u6c7d\u8f66\u7684\u6838\u5fc3\u90e8\u4ef6\uff1a\u529f\u7387\u534a\u5bfc\u4f53\u5668\u4ef6IGBT(Insulated Gate Bipolar Transistor)\u5176\u5b9e\u4e5f\u662f\u4e00\u79cdFET\u3002<\/p>\n

\u63a7\u5236\u663e\u793a\u5668\u6bcf\u4e2a\u50cf\u7d20\u7684\u5f00\u5173\u7684TFT\u4e5f\u662f\u7531\u4e00\u4e2a\u4e2a\u7684MOS\u7ec4\u6210\u7684\u3002MOS\u6838\u5fc3\u2014\u2014\u91d1\u5c5e\u6c27\u5316\u7269\u534a\u5bfc\u4f53 MOSFET\u662f\u6700\u5e38\u89c1\u7684\u4e00\u79cdFET\u3002\u5176\u7684\u7279\u70b9\u662f\uff0c\u7528\u4e00\u5c42\u7edd\u7f18\u7684\u6750\u6599\u5c06\u8f93\u5165\u90e8\u5206\uff08\u7535\u538b\uff09\u4e0e\u8f93\u51fa\u90e8\u5206\uff08\u7535\u6d41\uff09\u5206\u5f00\u3002\u5982\u679c\u8fd9\u6837\u4e0d\u591f\u76f4\u89c2\u7684\u8bdd\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u53c2\u8003\u4e0b\u56fe\u6700\u7b80\u5355\u7684MOS\u7ed3\u6784\uff1a<\/p>\n

<\/p>\n

\u6700\u7b80\u5355 Metal-Oxide-Semiconductor \u4e0e \u901a\u7535\u540e\u7684\u60c5\u51b5\u5176\u4e0a\u90e8\u662f\u4e00\u91d1\u5c5e\u5bfc\u7535\u5c42Metal\uff0c\u4e2d\u95f4\u662fSiO2\u7edd\u7f18\u5c42Oxide\u3001\u4e0b\u90e8\u5219\u662fP\u578b\u534a\u5bfc\u4f53Semiconductor\u2014\u2014\u6240\u8c13\u7684M\u3001O\u3001S\u3002\u5f53\u7ed9\u5176\u4e24\u7aef\u901a\u7535\u65f6\uff0cP\u578b\u534a\u5bfc\u4f53\u7684\u5e26\u6b63\u7535\u7684\u7a7a\u7a74\u4f1a\u5411\u4e0b\u79fb\u52a8\uff0c\u5e26\u8d1f\u7535\u7684\u7535\u5b50\u5219\u4f1a\u805a\u96c6\u5728\u4e0a\u65b9\uff0c\u5f62\u6210\u53cd\u578b\u533a\uff0c\u4f46\u7531\u4e8e\u7edd\u7f18\u5c42\u7684\u963b\u6321\uff0c\u65e0\u6cd5\u5f62\u6210\u7535\u6d41\uff1b\u5176\u95f4\u4f1a\u6709\u5448\u73b0\u7535\u4e2d\u6027\u7684\u8017\u5c3d\u533a\u3002\u5982\u6b64\u6700\u7ec8\u5f62\u6210\u4e00\u4e2a\u7535\u5bb9\u7684\u7ed3\u6784\uff0c\u800c\u8fd9\u4e2a\u7ed3\u6784\u5b9e\u9645\u4e0a\u5c31\u662fCCD\u7684\u57fa\u7840\u3002MOSFET\u5de5\u4f5c\u539f\u7406 MOSFET\u4f9d\u7167\u5176\u201c\u901a\u9053\u201d\uff08\u5de5\u4f5c\u8f7d\u6d41\u5b50\uff09\u7684\u6781\u6027\u4e0d\u540c\uff0c\u53ef\u5206\u4e3a\u201cN\u578b\u201d\u4e0e\u201cP\u578b\u201d \uff0c\u53c8\u79f0\u4e3aNMOSFET\u548cPMOSFET\u3002<\/p>\n

\u4ee5\u5e73\u9762\u589e\u5f3a\u578bN\u6c9f\u9053MOSFET\u4e3a\u4f8b\uff0c\u5176\u57fa\u672c\u7ed3\u6784\u5982\u4e0b\u56fe\uff0c\u4ece\u5de6\u5230\u53f3\u4e3aNPN\u7684\u63ba\u6742\u3002\u5728\u6269\u6563\u4f5c\u7528\u4e0b\uff0c\u4f1a\u81ea\u7136\u5f62\u6210\u56fe\u4e2d\u6df1\u7ea2\u8272\u7684\u8017\u5c3d\u533a(depletion region)\uff0c\u800c\u8017\u5c3d\u533a\u662f\u4e0d\u80fd\u5bfc\u7535\u7684\uff0c\u56e0\u6b64\u6f0f\u6781(Drain)\u5230\u6e90\u6781(Source)\u5728\u672a\u52a0\u5916\u52a0\u7535\u573a\u7684\u65f6\u662f\u65ad\u5f00\u7684\u3002<\/p>\n

<\/p>\n

N\u6c9f\u9053MOSFET\u5de5\u4f5c\u539f\u7406\u800c\u52a0\u5165\u5916\u52a0\u7535\u538b V_{GS} \uff0c\u5e76\u4e14\u8be5\u7535\u538b\u5927\u4e8e\u4e00\u5b9a\u9608\u503c\u65f6\uff0c\u5373 V_{GS}>V_{TH} \u65f6\uff0c\u4f1a\u5728\u7edd\u7f18\u5c42\u9644\u8fd1\u5f62\u6210\u4e00\u4e2a\u53cd\u578b\u5c42\uff0c\u8be5\u5c42\u76f8\u5f53\u4e8eN\u63ba\u6742\u7684\u534a\u5bfc\u4f53\uff0c\u6b64\u65f6Drain\u548cSource\u5c31\u53d8\u4e3a\u5bfc\u901a\u72b6\u6001\u3002P\u6c9f\u9053\u7684\u5bfc\u901a\u539f\u7406\u4e0eN\u6c9f\u9053\u5927\u4f53\u76f8\u540c\u3002<\/p>\n

CMOS = PMOSFET + NMOSFET CMOS\u672c\u8d28\u4e0a\u662f\u4e00\u79cd\u96c6\u6210\u7535\u8def\u7684\u8bbe\u8ba1\u5de5\u827a\uff0c\u5728\u7845\u8d28\u6676\u5706\u6a21\u677f\u4e0a\u5236\u51faNMOS\u548cPMOS\uff0c\u7531\u4e8eNMOS\u4e0ePMOS\u5728\u7269\u7406\u7279\u6027\u4e0a\u4e3a\u4e92\u8865\u6027\uff0c\u56e0\u6b64\u88ab\u79f0\u4e3aCMOS\u2014\u2014\u4e92\u8865\u5f0f\u91d1\u5c5e\u6c27\u5316\u7269\u534a\u5bfc\u4f53(Complementary Metal-Oxide Semiconductor) \u3002CMOS\u4e0a\u5171\u5b58\u7740\u5e26N\uff08\u5e26\u2013\u7535\uff09 \u548c P\uff08\u5e26+\u7535\uff09\u7ea7\u7684\u534a\u5bfc\u4f53\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e24\u4e2a\u4e92\u8865\u6548\u5e94\u6240\u4ea7\u751f\u7684\u7535\u6d41\u5373\u53ef\u88ab\u5904\u7406\u82af\u7247\u7eaa\u5f55\u548c\u89e3\u8bfb\u6210\u5f71\u50cf\u3002<\/p>\n

<\/p>\n

CMOS\u7ed3\u6784CMOS\u5177\u5907\u4e86\u201c\u53ea\u6709\u5728\u6676\u4f53\u7ba1\u9700\u8981\u5207\u6362\u542f\u52a8\u4e0e\u5173\u95ed\u65f6\u624d\u9700\u6d88\u8017\u80fd\u91cf\u201d\u7684\u4f18\u70b9\uff0c\u5176\u80fd\u8017\u4f4e\u3001\u53d1\u70ed\u5c11\u3001\u5de5\u827a\u7b80\u5355\uff0c\u65e9\u671fRAM\u4e3b\u8981\u5c31\u662f\u4ee5\u8fd9\u79cd\u7535\u8def\u5236\u4f5c\u7684\u3002\u5305\u62ecCPU\u5728\u5185\u7684\u5f88\u591a\u82af\u7247\u4e5f\u90fd\u662f\u4ee5CMOS\u4e3a\u57fa\u7840\u7684\uff0c\u5b83\u901a\u8fc7\u57fa\u672cMOS\u5355\u4f4d\u7684\u7ec4\u5408\u5b9e\u73b0\u591a\u79cd\u7ec4\u5408\u903b\u8f91\u3002\u6b63\u56e0\u5982\u6b64\uff0cCMOS\u56fe\u50cf\u4f20\u611f\u5668\u5b9e\u9645\u4e0a\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u56fe\u50cf\u7cfb\u7edf\uff1a\u9664\u4e86\u611f\u5149\u4e0e\u5149\u7535\u8f6c\u6362\u533a\u57df\uff0c\u5728\u540c\u4e00\u5757\u7845\u7247\u4e0a\uff0c\u8fd8\u53ef\u4ee5\u96c6\u9a71\u52a8\u5668\u3001\u63a7\u5236\u5668\u3001\u5b58\u50a8\u5668\u3001ISP\u56fe\u50cf\u5904\u7406\u6a21\u5757\uff0c\u4ece\u800c\u6784\u6210 \u201c\u5355\u7247\u6570\u5b57\u76f8\u673a\u53ca\u56fe\u50cf\u5904\u7406\u7cfb\u7edf\u201d\u3002<\/p>\n

4.2.2 CCD \u7ed3\u6784\u4e0e\u539f\u7406Pixel\u5355\u5143\u7ed3\u6784\uff1a<\/p>\n

CCD\u7684\u5168\u79f0\u662f Charge Coupled Device \u7535\u8377\u8026\u5408\u5668\u4ef6\uff0c\u5176Pixel\u5355\u5143\u7ed3\u6784\u5c31\u662f\u524d\u9762\u63d0\u5230\u7684MOS\u6838\u5fc3\u7ed3\u6784\uff1a\u5728P\u578b\u6216N\u578b\u7845\u886c\u5e95\u4e0a\u751f\u957f\u4e00\u5c42\u5f88\u8584\uff08\u7ea6120nm\uff09\u7684\u4e8c\u6c27\u5316\u7845\uff0c\u518d\u5728\u4e8c\u6c27\u5316\u7845\u8584\u5c42\u4e0a\u4f9d\u6b21\u5e8f\u6c89\u79ef\u91d1\u5c5e\u6216\u63ba\u6742\u591a\u6676\u7845\u7535\u6781\uff08\u6805\u6781\uff09\uff0c\u5f62\u6210\u89c4\u5219\u7684MOS\u7535\u5bb9\u5668\u9635\u5217\u5c31\u6784\u6210\u4e86CCD\u82af\u7247\uff08CCD\u7684\u6838\u5fc3\u5c31\u662f\u8fd9\u4e00\u4e2a\u4e2a\u5c0f\u7535\u5bb9\uff0c\u5f88\u91cd\u8981\uff09\u3002<\/p>\n

<\/p>\n

CCD\u7684\u5355\u5143\u7535\u5bb9\u7ed3\u6784\u5176\u5de5\u4f5c\u8fc7\u7a0b\u6709\u56db\u4e2a\uff1a\u4fe1\u53f7\u7535\u8377\u4ea7\u751f\u3001\u5b58\u50a8\u3001\u4f20\u8f93 \u4e0e \u68c0\u6d4b\u8f93\u51fa\u3002\u4fe1\u53f7\u7535\u8377\u4ea7\u751f\u4e0e\u5b58\u50a8\uff1a \u901a\u8fc7\u534a\u5bfc\u4f53\u7684\u5149\u7535\u6548\u5e94\uff0c\u4f7f\u5f97\u6b63\u6bd4\u4e8e\u5149\u5b50\u7684\u7535\u5b50\u9038\u51fa\uff0c\u800c\u540e\uff0c\u5728\u5916\u90e8\u7535\u538b V_{GS} \u4f5c\u7528\u4e0b\uff0c\u7535\u8377\u88ab\u6536\u96c6\u5230\u9760\u8fd1\u6c27\u5316\u7269\u4e00\u4fa7\u7684\u7279\u5b9a\u533a\u57df\u5185\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e00\u533a\u57df\u88ab\u79f0\u4e3a\u201c\u52bf\u9631\u201d\u3002<\/p>\n

<\/p>\n

\u4fe1\u53f7\u7535\u8377\u7684\u4ea7\u751f\u548c\u5b58\u50a8\u4fe1\u53f7\u7535\u8377\u4f20\u8f93\uff1a \u66dd\u5149\u7ed3\u675f\u4e4b\u540e\uff0cCCD\u5c06\u6240\u6536\u96c6\u8d77\u6765\u7684\u7535\u8377\u5305\u4ece\u4e00\u4e2a\u50cf\u5143\u8f6c\u79fb\u5230\u4e0b\u4e00\u4e2a\u50cf\u5143\uff0c\u76f4\u5230\u5168\u90e8\u7535\u8377\u5305\u8f93\u51fa\u5b8c\u6210\u3002<\/p>\n

\u5982\u4e0b\u56fe\uff0c\u53ea\u9700\u8981\u6539\u53d8\u76f8\u5e94\u4f4d\u7f6e\u7684\u63a7\u5236\u7535\u538b\uff0c\u5373\u53ef\u5728\u9700\u8981\u7684\u4f4d\u7f6e\u5f62\u6210\u65b0\u7684\u201c\u52bf\u9631\u201d\u5438\u5f15\u7535\u8377\u8fc7\u53bb\uff0c\u5b8c\u6210\u7535\u8377\u7684\u8f6c\u79fb\u3002<\/p>\n

<\/p>\n

\u7535\u8377\u7684\u8f6c\u79fb\u8fc7\u7a0b\u6211\u4eec\u53ef\u4ee5\u770b\u51fa\uff0c\u5176\u7535\u8377\u7684\u8f6c\u79fb\uff0c\u4e5f\u662f\u5728\u5916\u90e8\u7535\u538b\u7684\u9a71\u52a8\u4e0b\u5b9e\u73b0\u7684\u3002\u8fd9\u4e2a\u8fc7\u7a0b\u5f88\u50cf\u4f60\u62ff\u7740\u4e00\u5757\u78c1\u94c1\u4f38\u5230\u684c\u5b50\u4e0b\u9762\uff0c\u9694\u7740\u684c\u677f\u8fd8\u53ef\u4ee5\u8ba9\u684c\u5b50\u4e0a\u7684\u78c1\u4f53\u79fb\u52a8\u4e00\u6837\u3002<\/p>\n

<\/p>\n

CCD\u7684\u7535\u8377\u8f6c\u8fd0\u7684\u65b9\u5f0f\uff0c\u6765\u81ea\u732b\u548c\u8001\u9f20\uff0c\u5341\u5206\u5f62\u8c61\u4fe1\u53f7\u7535\u8377\u68c0\u6d4b\u4e0e\u8f93\u51fa\uff1a \u8be5\u6b65\u9aa4\u662f\u5c06\u8f93\u51fa\u7684\u7535\u8377\u8f6c\u5316\u4e3a\u7535\u6d41\/\u7535\u538b\u4fe1\u53f7\uff0c\u7136\u540e\u6700\u7ec8\u518d\u7ecf\u8fc7AD\u8f6c\u6362\uff0c\u5f62\u6210\u6570\u5b57\u4fe1\u606f\u3002\u4e0b\u9762\u8fd9\u5f20\u56fe\u5c06\u5149\u7535\u6548\u5e94\u6bd4\u4f5c\u4e0b\u96e8\uff0c\u5f88\u5f62\u8c61\u7684\u5c55\u793a\u4e86CCD\u7684\u5de5\u4f5c\u6d41\u7a0b\u3002<\/p>\n

<\/p>\n

CCD\u7684\u8bfb\u53d6\u6d41\u7a0b<\/p>\n

4.2.3 CMOS \u7ed3\u6784\u4e0e\u539f\u7406<\/p>\n

\u539f\u59cbPixel\u7ed3\u6784\uff1aPassive Pixel \u5982\u56fe\u6240\u793a\uff0c\u6700\u7b80\u7684CMOS Pixel\u5355\u5143\u7ed3\u6784\u53ea\u5305\u542b\u4e86\u4e00\u4e2aPN\u8282\u7528\u4e8e\u611f\u5149\uff0c\u4ee5\u53ca\u4e00\u4e2a\u6676\u4f53\u7ba1\u4f5c\u4e3a\u91cd\u7f6e\u5f00\u5173\u3002<\/p>\n

<\/p>\n

\u6700\u5c0fCMOS Pixel\u7ed3\u6784\u5728\u5149\u7167\u79ef\u5206\u671f\u95f4\uff0cMOS\u4e09\u6781\u7ba1\u622a\u6b62\uff0c\u5149\u654f\u4e8c\u6781\u7ba1\u968f\u5165\u5c04\u5149\u5f3a\u5f31\u4ea7\u751f\u5bf9\u5e94\u7684\u8f7d\u6d41\u5b50\u5e76\u5b58\u50a8\u5728\u6e90\u6781PN\u7ed3\u4e0a\u3002\u800c\u5f53\u66dd\u5149\u7ed3\u675f\u65f6\uff0c\u626b\u63cf\u8109\u51b2\u52a0\u5728MOS\u4e09\u6781\u7ba1\u6805\u6781\u4e0a\u4f7f\u5176\u5bfc\u901a\u3002\u5149\u654f\u4e8c\u6781\u7ba1\u590d\u4f4d\uff0c\u7535\u6d41\u5728\u8d1f\u8f7d\u4e0a\u6d41\u8fc7\uff0c\u5f3a\u5ea6\u4e0e\u5149\u5f3a\u6210\u6b63\u6bd4\u3002\u5f53\u7136\uff0c\u4ee5\u4e0a\u50cf\u7d20\u7ed3\u6784\u662f\u6700\u539f\u59cb\u7684CMOS\u50cf\u7d20\u7ed3\u6784\uff0c\u5176\u8bfb\u51fa\u7535\u8def\u5b8c\u5168\u4f4d\u4e8e\u50cf\u7d20\u5916\u9762\uff0c\u79f0\u4e3aPassive Pixel\u3002\u5176\u53d7\u5230\u7535\u8def\u566a\u58f0\u8f83\u5927\uff0c\u5176\u539f\u56e0\u662f\uff1a\u76f8\u5bf9\u8bfb\u51fa\u7535\u8def\u4e0a\u7684\u5bc4\u751f\u7535\u5bb9\uff0cPN\u7ed3\u7684\u7535\u5bb9\u76f8\u5bf9\u8f83\u5c0f\u3002\u56e0\u6b64\u4fe1\u53f7\u7684\u7535\u538b\u5dee\u76f8\u5bf9\u8f83\u5c0f\uff0c\u8fd9\u5bfc\u81f4\u5176\u5bf9\u7535\u8def\u566a\u58f0\u5f88\u654f\u611f\u3002 PN\u7ed3\u4fe1\u53f7\u5148\u7ecf\u8fc7\u8bfb\u51fa\u7535\u8def\u518d\u8fdb\u884c\u653e\u5927\u3002\u6ce8\u5165\u5230\u8bfb\u51fa\u4fe1\u53f7\u7684\u566a\u58f0\u4f1a\u968f\u7740\u4fe1\u53f7\u4e00\u8d77\u653e\u5927\u3002<\/p>\n

\u6539\u8fdb\u7684Pixel\u7ed3\u6784\uff1aActive Pixel \u2014> PDD Pixel \u9488\u5bf9\u6b64\u95ee\u9898\uff0c\u4e1a\u754c\u53d1\u660e\u4e86Active Pixel\uff1a\u5176\u50cf\u7d20\u5185\u90e8\u5177\u5907\u4e86\u4fe1\u53f7\u8bfb\u51fa\u7535\u8def\u548c\u653e\u5927\u7535\u8def\u3002\u4fe1\u53f7\u4f20\u51faPixel\u4e4b\u524d\uff0c\u5c31\u5df2\u7ecf\u88ab\u8bfb\u51fa\u5e76\u653e\u5927\uff0c\u964d\u4f4e\u4e86\u5176\u566a\u58f0\u654f\u611f\u6027\u3002Active Pixel\u7ed3\u6784\u968f\u4e4b\u6210\u4e3a\u4e86CMOS\u4f20\u611f\u5668\u7684\u4e3b\u6d41\u8bbe\u8ba1\u3002\u8be5\u7ed3\u6784\u4e5f\u88ab\u79f0\u4e3a3T\u50cf\u7d20\u7ed3\u6784\uff08\u6bcf\u4e2a\u50cf\u7d20\u5305\u542b3\u4e2a\u4e09\u6781\u7ba1\uff09\u3002\u5728\u8fd9\u79cd\u7ed3\u6784\u4e2d\uff0c\u6bcf\u4e2a\u50cf\u7d20\u5305\u542b\u4e00\u4e2aPN\u7ed3\u4f5c\u4e3a\u611f\u5149\u5143\u4ef6\uff0c\u4e00\u4e2a\u590d\u4f4d\u4e09\u6781\u7ba1RST\uff0c\u4e00\u4e2a\u884c\u9009\u62e9\u5668RS\uff0c\u4ee5\u53ca\u4e00\u4e2a\u4fe1\u53f7\u653e\u5927\u5668SF\u3002<\/p>\n

<\/p>\n

Active Pixel\u7ed3\u50cf\u7d20\u7ed3\u6784 \u548c PPD\u50cf\u7d20\u7ed3\u6784\u6784\u540e\u6765\u4e3a\u4e86\u89e3\u51b3\u590d\u4f4dKTC\u566a\u58f0\uff0c\u51cf\u5c0f\u6697\u7535\u6d41\uff0c\u5f15\u5165\u4e86\u57fa\u4e8ePPD\u7ed3\u6784\uff08Pinned Photodiode Pixel\uff09\u7684\u50cf\u7d20\u7ed3\u6784\u3002PPD pixel\u5305\u62ec\u4e00\u4e2aPPD\u7684\u611f\u5149\u533a\uff0c\u4ee5\u53ca4\u4e2a\u6676\u4f53\u7ba1\uff0c\u6240\u4ee5\u4e5f\u79f0\u4e3a4T\u50cf\u7d20\u7ed3\u6784\u3002PPD\u7684\u51fa\u73b0\uff0c\u662fCMOS\u6027\u80fd\u7684\u5de8\u5927\u7a81\u7834\uff0c\u5b83\u5141\u8bb8\u76f8\u5173\u53cc\u91c7\u6837\uff08CDS\uff09\u7535\u8def\u7684\u5f15\u5165\uff0c\u6d88\u9664\u4e86\u590d\u4f4d\u5f15\u5165\u7684kTC\u566a\u58f0\uff0c\u8fd0\u653e\u5668\u5f15\u5165\u76841\/f \u566a\u58f0\u548coffset \u566a\u58f0\u3002<\/p>\n

\u5177\u4f53\u539f\u7406\u4e0d\u8d58\u8ff0\uff0c\u53ef\u53c2\u8003\u4e0b\u9762\u7684\u6587\u7ae0\uff1a CMOS \u56fe\u50cf\u4f20\u611f\u5668\u7b80\u4ecb\uff081\uff09\uff1a\u50cf\u7d20\u7ed3\u6784_Struggler\u7684\u4e13\u680f-CSDN\u535a\u5ba2_cmos\u56fe\u50cf\u4f20\u611f\u5668<\/p>\n

CMOS\u9635\u5217\u7ed3\u6784<\/p>\n

CMOS\u7684\u9635\u5217\u7ed3\u6784\u7531\u6c34\u5e73\u79fb\u4f4d\u5bc4\u5b58\u5668\u3001\u5782\u76f4\u79fb\u4f4d\u5bc4\u5b58\u5668\u548cCMOS\u50cf\u654f\u5143\u9635\u5217\u7ec4\u6210\u3002<\/p>\n

<\/p>\n

CMOS\u50cf\u654f\u5143\u9635\u5217\u7ed3\u6784\u5404MOS\u6676\u4f53\u7ba1\u5145\u5f53\u626b\u63cf\u5f00\u5173\u7684\u4f5c\u7528\uff0c\u5728\u6c34\u5e73\/\u5782\u76f4\u626b\u63cf\u7535\u8def\u7684\u8109\u51b2\u9a71\u52a8\u4e0b\u5f00\u5173\u3002\u6c34\u5e73\/\u5782\u76f4\u4f4d\u79fb\u5bc4\u5b58\u5668\u5219\u8d77\u5230\u5bfb\u5740\u4f5c\u7528\u3002CMOS\u82af\u7247\u4e2d\u5305\u542b\u4e86\u591a\u79cd\u63a7\u5236\u7535\u8def\uff0c\u6bd4\u5982\u66dd\u5149\u65f6\u95f4\u63a7\u5236\u3001\u81ea\u52a8\u589e\u76ca\u63a7\u5236\u3001\u65f6\u5e8f\u63a7\u5236\u3002\u4ece\u4e0a\u9762\u7684\u5de5\u4f5c\u6a21\u5f0f\u6211\u4eec\u53ef\u4ee5\u770b\u51fa\uff0cCMOS\u7684\u6bcf\u4e00\u4e2aPixel\u90fd\u914d\u5907\u4e86\u4e00\u5957\u5355\u72ec\u7684\u7535\u8377-\u7535\u538b\u8f6c\u5316\u7535\u8def\uff08ActivePixel\uff09\u3002\u800c\u4e14\uff0c\u5176\u5de5\u4f5c\u5e76\u4e0d\u9700\u8981\u5916\u90e8\u7535\u538b\u7684\u9a71\u52a8\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e00\u7279\u6027\u4f7f\u5f97\u5176\u4e0eCCD\u5b58\u5728\u8bf8\u591a\u4e0d\u540c\u70b9\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u5728\u540e\u9762\u5206\u6790\u3002<\/p>\n

4.2.4 \u611f\u5149\u5355\u5143\u7ed3\u6784<\/p>\n

\u524d\u9762\u5206\u522b\u4ecb\u7ecd\u4e86CMOS\u3001CCD\u7684\u539f\u7406\uff0c\u800c\u5b9e\u9645\u4e0a\u7684\u611f\u5149\u82af\u7247\u7684\u57fa\u7840\u7ed3\u6784\u8981\u66f4\u590d\u6742\u4e00\u4e9b\u3002\u5176\u6700\u5c0f\u5355\u5143\u7531\uff1a\u5fae\u900f\u955c\u3001\u6ee4\u5149\u5668\u3001\u5149\u7535\u4e8c\u6781\u7ba1\u3001\u91d1\u5c5e\u8fde\u7ebf\u5c42\u7ec4\u6210\u3002\u5fae\u900f\u955c\u4e3a\u4e86\u7528\u4e8e\u6c47\u805a\u5149\u7ebf\uff1b\u6ee4\u5149\u5668\u5219\u53ea\u5141\u8bb8\u76ee\u6807\u6ce2\u957f\u7684\u5149\u901a\u8fc7\uff0c\u5176\u4ed6\u6ce2\u957f\u7684\u5149\u5219\u4e0d\u4f1a\u901a\u8fc7\uff1b\u91d1\u5c5e\u8fde\u7ebf\u5c42\u662f\u4e3a\u4e86\u4f20\u5bfc\u5149\u7535\u4e8c\u6781\u7ba1\u4ea7\u751f\u7684\u7535\u4fe1\u53f7\u5230\u5904\u7406\u5355\u5143\u3002<\/p>\n

\u524d\u7167\u5f0f\u4e0e\u80cc\u7167\u5f0f \u5bf9\u4e8e\u91d1\u5c5e\u8fde\u7ebf\u5c42\u548c\u5149\u7535\u4e8c\u6781\u7ba1\u7684\u76f8\u5bf9\u4f4d\u7f6e\uff0c\u5b58\u5728\u524d\u7167\u5f0f(Front-illuminated structure)\u4e0e\u80cc\u7167\u5f0f(Back-illuminated structure)\u4e24\u79cd\u5e03\u7f6e\u5f62\u5f0f\u3002<\/p>\n

<\/p>\n

\u524d\u7167\u5f0f\u4e0e\u80cc\u7167\u5f0f\u5728\u524d\u7167\u5f0f\u4e2d\uff0c\u5165\u5c04\u5149\u7ebf\u5148\u8981\u7ecf\u8fc7\u5e03\u7ebf\u5c42\u7684\u7a97\u53e3\uff0c\u7136\u540e\u6444\u5165\u5149\u7535\u4e8c\u6781\u7ba1\uff0c\u727a\u7272\u4e86\u90e8\u5206\u8fdb\u5149\u91cf\u3002\u800c\u80cc\u7167\u5f0f\u4e2d\u5e03\u7ebf\u5c42\u4f4d\u4e8e\u4e8c\u6781\u7ba1\u4e0b\u65b9\uff0c\u663e\u7136\u5176\u6210\u50cf\u6027\u80fd\u66f4\u4f73\u3002\u4f46\u4ece\u5236\u9020\u5de5\u827a\u89d2\u5ea6\uff0c\u5728\u534a\u5bfc\u4f53\u4e8c\u6781\u7ba1\u52a0\u5de5\u5b8c\u6210\u540e\u518d\u52a0\u5de5\u91d1\u5c5e\u5e03\u7ebf\u5c42\uff0c\u5176\u96be\u5ea6\u8981\u8fdc\u5c0f\u4e8e\u5728\u91d1\u5c5e\u5e03\u7ebf\u5c42\u7684\u57fa\u7840\u4e0a\u52a0\u5de5\u5149\u7535\u4e8c\u6781\u7ba1\u3002\u4e5f\u5c31\u662f\u8bf4\uff0c\u80cc\u7167\u5f0f\u7684\u5b9e\u73b0\u96be\u5ea6\u548c\u6210\u672c\u8fdc\u5927\u4e8e\u524d\u7167\u5f0f\u3002<\/p>\n

\u989c\u8272\u7684\u611f\u77e5\uff1a\u6ee4\u5149\u955c\u9635\u5217 CFA\uff0cColor Filter Array<\/p>\n

\u5173\u4e8e\u989c\u8272\u611f\u77e5\u7684\u57fa\u672c\u539f\u7406\uff0c\u5728\u7535\u78c1\u6ce2\u4e0e\u4f20\u611f\u5668\u90a3\u4e00\u7bc7\u6587\u7ae0\u5df2\u7ecf\u8bb2\u5230\uff0c\u4e0d\u518d\u91cd\u590d\u3002\u5f53\u524d\uff0c\u4e3b\u6d41\u7684Camera Sensor\u51e0\u4e4e\u90fd\u8f93\u51fa\u7684\u662fBayer mosaic\u683c\u5f0f\u7684RAW\u6570\u636e\uff0cBayer\u683c\u5f0f\u56fe\u7247\u662f\u4f0a\u58eb\u66fc\u00b7\u67ef\u8fbe\u516c\u53f8\u79d1\u5b66\u5bb6Bryce Bayer\uff081929 \u20132012\uff09\u53d1\u660e\u3002Bayer CFA\u4f5c\u4e3a\u6700\u7ecf\u5178\u7684\u9635\u5217\uff0c\u5b83\u4ea4\u66ff\u7684\u4f7f\u7528\u4e00\u7ec4(R,G),(B,G)\u6ee4\u955c\uff0c\u5176\u4e2d\u7eff\u8272\u6ee4\u955c\u5360\u603b\u50cf\u7d20\u7684\u76841\/2\uff0c\u800cR\u3001B\u5404\u5360\u603b\u50cf\u7d20\u76841\/4\uff0c\u8fd9\u662f\u7531\u4e8e\u4eba\u773c\u5bf9\u7eff\u8272\u66f4\u4e3a\u654f\u611f\uff0c\u5982\u6b64\u8bbe\u8ba1\u80fd\u5206\u8fa8\u66f4\u591a\u7684\u7ec6\u8282\uff0c\u540c\u65f6G\u5360\u636e\u4e86\u5149\u8c31\u4e2d\u91cd\u8981\u4e14\u6700\u5bbd\u7684\u4f4d\u7f6e\u3002<\/p>\n

\u5fae\u89c2\u4e0a\u5355\u4e2a\u50cf\u7d20\u53ea\u5bf9\u4e00\u79cd\u5149\u8fdb\u884c\u8bc6\u522b\uff0c\u800c\u540e\u5e94\u7528ISP\u8fdb\u884c\u989c\u8272\u63d2\u503c\u5904\u7406\uff08\u540e\u9762\u4f1a\u804a\u5230\uff09\uff0c\u5229\u7528\u4e09\u79cd\u989c\u8272\u91cd\u65b0\u5408\u6210\u5f69\u8272\u3002\u800c\u5047\u5982\u6ca1\u6709CFA\uff0cSensor\u4e5f\u5c31\u65e0\u6cd5\u533a\u5206\u5149\u7ebf\u6ce2\u957f\uff0c\u4ece\u800c\u5728\u540e\u7eed\u8fdb\u884c\u989c\u8272\u7684\u5408\u6210\u3002\u6700\u7ec8\u751f\u6210\u7684\u56fe\u50cf\u4e5f\u5c31\u662f\u9ed1\u767d\u56fe\u50cf\u4e86\u3002\u989c\u8272\u6ee4\u955c\u79cd\u7c7b\u4e5f\u5e76\u4e0d\u5c40\u9650\u4e8eRGGB\u683c\u5f0f\uff0c\u5176\u989c\u8272\u9009\u62e9\u3001\u5728\u82af\u7247\u4e0a\u7684\u5e03\u7f6e\u90fd\u53ef\u4ee5\u6839\u636e\u9700\u6c42\u8c03\u6574\u3002<\/p>\n

\u6bd4\u5982\uff0c\u534e\u4e3aP30pro\u5c31\u91c7\u7528\u4e86RYYB\u7684\u6ee4\u955c\u9635\u5217\u8bbe\u8ba1\uff0c\u7528\u9ec4\u8272\u6ee4\u955c\u4ee3\u66ff\u7eff\u8272\uff0c\u4f7f\u5176\u62e5\u6709\u4e86\u8f83\u5f3a\u7684\u591c\u95f4\u62cd\u6444\u80fd\u529b\u3002<\/p>\n

<\/p>\n

RGGB & RYYB Bayer Filter<\/p>\n

4.2.5 CCD\u4e0eCMOS\u5b8f\u89c2\u5dee\u5f02<\/p>\n

\u8bf4\u5b8c\u4e86CMOS\u548cCCD\u7684\u539f\u7406\uff0c\u6700\u540e\u518d\u6765\u8bf4\u5176\u5b8f\u89c2\u5dee\u5f02\u3002\u7531\u524d\u9762\u53ef\u77e5\uff1aCCD\u6240\u6709\u50cf\u7d20\u90fd\u6700\u540e\u90fd\u7ecf\u8fc7\u672b\u7aef\u540c\u4e00\u4e2a\u7535\u8377\u653e\u5927\u5668\uff0c\u8f6c\u5316\u4e3a\u7535\u538b\u4fe1\u53f7\u3002\u800cCMOS\u6bcf\u4e00\u4e2a\u50cf\u7d20\u90fd\u4f1a\u5355\u72ec\u8fde\u63a5\u4e00\u5957\u5904\u7406\u7535\u8def\u3002\u4ee5\u4fe1\u53f7\u8bfb\u53d6\u3001\u5904\u7406\u65b9\u5f0f\u7684\u5dee\u5f02\u4e3a\u89c6\u89d2\uff0c\u5373\u53ef\u89e3\u91caCCD\u548cCMOS\u4e4b\u95f4\u7edd\u5927\u90e8\u5206\u5916\u5728\u8868\u73b0\u5dee\u5f02\u3002<\/p>\n

<\/p>\n

CCD\u4e0eCMOS\u7684\u533a\u522b<\/p>\n

\u6210\u672c\uff1a<\/p>\n

\u5de5\u7a0b\u4e0a\uff0cCCD\u662f\u7d27\u8026\u5408\u7684\u4e32\u8054\u7cfb\u7edf\uff0c\u800cCMOS\u53ef\u4ee5\u89c6\u4f5c\u662f\u5e76\u8054\u7cfb\u7edf\uff0c\u663e\u7136\u5e76\u8054\u7cfb\u7edf\u5931\u6548\u7684\u53ef\u80fd\u6027\u4f1a\u66f4\u4f4e\u3002\u53ea\u8981CCD\u7535\u8377\u4f20\u9012\u94fe\u6761\u4e0a\u7684\u4e00\u4e2a\u50cf\u7d20\u574f\u6389\uff0c\u5176\u5e26\u6765\u7684\u540e\u679c\u662f\u51e0\u4e4e\u6574\u4e2a\u94fe\u6761\u7684\u5931\u6548\uff0c\u56e0\u800c\u5bfc\u81f4\u5176\u826f\u54c1\u7387\u975e\u5e38\u4f4e\uff0c\u5236\u9020\u6210\u672c\u5c45\u9ad8\u4e0d\u4e0b\u3002\u800c\u5bf9\u4e8eCMOS\uff0c\u5355\u70b9\u635f\u574f\u5e76\u4e0d\u4f1a\u5bf9\u5176\u4ed6\u50cf\u7d20\u4ea7\u751f\u5f71\u54cd\uff0c\u8fd9\u5927\u5927\u63d0\u5347\u4e86\u5176\u826f\u54c1\u7387\u3002\u8bfb\u53d6\u901f\u5ea6 CCD\u7684\u4e32\u884c\u8bfb\u53d6\u663e\u7136\u6162\u4e8eCMOS\u7684\u5e76\u884c\u8bfb\u53d6\u3002<\/p>\n

\u566a\u58f0\u3001\u52a8\u6001\u8303\u56f4\uff1a<\/p>\n

\u800c\u540c\u65f6\uff0c\u7531\u4e8eCCD\u6240\u6709\u7535\u8377\u901a\u8fc7\u540c\u4e00\u4e2a\u7535\u8377-\u7535\u538b\u8f6c\u6362\u5668\u3001\u653e\u5927\u5668\u3001ADC\uff0c\u5176\u8f6c\u6362\u7684\u4e00\u81f4\u6027\u5f88\u597d\uff1b\u4f46CMOS\u4e2d\u5404\u4e2a\u653e\u5927\u5668\u7684\u589e\u76ca\u3001\u5e26\u5bbd\u5f88\u96be\u4fdd\u6301\u4e00\u81f4\uff0c\u56e0\u6b64\u5c31\u4ea7\u751f\u4e86\u56fa\u5b9a\u6a21\u5f0f\u566a\u58f0\uff08Fixed Pattern Noise\uff0cFPN\uff09\u3002\u56e0\u6b64\uff0cCCD\u7684\u566a\u58f0\u6bd4CMOS\u5c0f\uff0c\u52a8\u6001\u8303\u56f4\u4e5f\u8981\u6bd4CMOS\u9ad8\u3002<\/p>\n

\u5f00\u53e3\u7387\uff1a<\/p>\n

\u540c\u65f6CMOS\u5728\u6bcf\u4e2a\u50cf\u7d20\u96c6\u6210\u7684\u653e\u5927\u5668\u548cADC\u90fd\u8981\u5360\u7528\u4e00\u5b9a\u7684\u82af\u7247\u8868\u9762\u79ef\uff0c\u540c\u7b49\u9762\u79ef\u4e0b\uff0cCMOS\u53ef\u4ee5\u7528\u6765\u611f\u5149\u7684\u9762\u79ef\u81ea\u7136\u6bd4CCD\u66f4\u5c0f\uff0c\u5176\u5f00\u53e3\u7387 or \u7075\u654f\u5ea6\u6bd4CCD\u8981\u4f4e\u3002<\/p>\n

\u5f53\u7136\uff0c\u89e3\u51b3\u65b9\u6848\u662f\uff0c\u5728\u4fe1\u53f7\u5904\u7406\u7535\u8def\u4e5f\u653e\u5728\u611f\u5149\u6676\u4f53\u7ba1\u7684\u5e95\u90e8\uff0c\u5176\u8868\u9762\u53ef\u4ee5\u5168\u90fd\u662f\u611f\u5149\u533a\u57df\uff0c\u8fd9\u79cd\u65b9\u5f0f\u53eb\u505a\u5806\u6808\u5f0f\uff08Stacked Illumination\uff09CMOS\uff0c\u663e\u7136\u8fd9\u6837\u505a\u4f1a\u63a8\u9ad8\u6210\u672c\u3002<\/p>\n

<\/p>\n

\u5806\u6808\u5f0fCMOS<\/p>\n

\u5feb\u95e8\uff1a<\/p>\n

CCD \u4e3a\u5168\u961f\u62a5\u6570\uff0c\u5168\u5c40\u5feb\u95e8\u7684\u6210\u672c\u5f88\u4f4e\uff0c\u53ef\u5f88\u8f7b\u6613\u7684\u6291\u5236\u201c\u679c\u51bb\u6548\u5e94\u201d\u3002\u800cCMOS \u4e3b\u8981\u662f\u6309\u5217\u62a5\u6570\uff0c\u5927\u591a\u91c7\u7528\u5377\u5e18\u5feb\u95e8\uff0c\u5168\u5c40\u5feb\u95e8\u7684\u6210\u672c\u8f83\u9ad8\u3002\u5173\u4e8e\u5168\u5c40\u5feb\u95e8\u548c\u5377\u5e18\u5feb\u95e8\uff0c\u540e\u9762\u7684\u7ae0\u8282\u4f1a\u8bb2\u5230\u3002<\/p>\n

\u80fd\u8017<\/p>\n

CCD\u4e3a\u4e3a\u88ab\u52a8\u5f0f\u91c7\u96c6\uff0c\u5fc5\u987b\u5916\u52a0 12\/18V \u7684\u7535\u538b\u9a71\u52a8\u7535\u8377\u79fb\u52a8\uff0c\u9a71\u52a8\u7535\u538b\u8fd8\u9700\u8981\u66f4\u52a0\u7cbe\u5bc6\u7684\u7535\u6e90\u7ebf\u8def\u8bbe\u8ba1\u548c\u5668\u4ef6\u8010\u538b\u8bbe\u8ba1\u3002\u800cCMOS \u4e3a\u4e3b\u52a8\u5f0f\u91c7\u96c6\uff0c\u5149\u7535\u4e8c\u6781\u7ba1\u4ea7\u751f\u7684\u7535\u8377\u4f1a\u76f4\u63a5\u7ecf\u8fc7\u72ec\u7acb\u914d\u7f6e\u7684\u653e\u5927\u5668\uff0c\u5176\u80fd\u8017\u5927\u7ea6\u4e3aCCD\u7684 1\/8 ~ 1\/10\u3002<\/p>\n

\u6c47\u603b<\/p>\n

CCDCMOS\u6210\u672c\u94fe\u5f0f\u4f20\u9012\uff0c\u826f\u54c1\u7387\u4f4e\uff0c\u6210\u672c\u8f83\u9ad8CMOS\u72ec\u7acb\uff0c\u5468\u8fb9\u7535\u8def\u7684\u6210\u672c\u8f83\u4f4e\u5f00\u53e3\u7387\u9ad8\u4f4e\uff08\u5806\u6808\u5f0fCMOS\u5f00\u53e3\u7387\u9ad8\uff09\u52a8\u6001\u8303\u56f4\u9ad8\u4f4e\u5feb\u95e8\u5929\u7136\u7684\u5168\u5c40\u5feb\u95e8\uff0c\u65e0\u201c\u679c\u51bb\u6548\u5e94\u201dCMOS\u5219\u6309\u5217\u62a5\u6570\uff0c\u4e3a\u5377\u5e18\u5feb\u95e8\u3002\u566a\u58f0\u6240\u6709\u7684\u7535\u8377\u7ecf\u8fc7\u7684\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u7535\u8377\u8f6c\u6362\u5668\uff0c\u56e0\u6b64\u8f6c\u6362\u7684\u4e00\u81f4\u6027\u6bd4\u8f83\u597d\uff0c\u566a\u58f0\u5c0f\u3002 \u4f46\u53ef\u80fd\u4ea7\u751f\u7535\u8377\u6ea2\u51fa\uff08Blooming\uff09Fading\uff08\u7535\u8377\u8870\u51cf\uff09\u3002\u6297\u5e72\u6270\u6027\u6bd4\u8f83\u5f3a\uff0c\u4f46\u6bcf\u4e00\u4e2a\u7535\u8def\u6bd4\u8f83\u96be\u4fdd\u6301\u4e00\u81f4\u6027\u3002<\/p>\n

\u8bfb\u53d6CCD\u4e3a\u9010\u4e2a\u8bfb\u53d6\uff0c\u901f\u5ea6\u6162CMOS\u5219\u8981\u5feb\u80fd\u8017CCD\u4e3a\u88ab\u52a8\u5f0f\u8bfb\u53d6\uff0c\u9700\u8981\u5916\u63a512V\/18V\u7535\u6e90\u80fd\u8017\u7ea6\u4e3aCCD\u76841\/10<\/p>\n

\u968f\u7740CMOS\u6280\u672f\u7684\u7a33\u6b65\u53d1\u5c55\uff0cCMOS\u6280\u672f\u5df2\u7ecf\u5728\u6c11\u7528\u5e02\u573a\u5360\u7edd\u5bf9\u4f18\u52bf\uff0cCCD\u4ec5\u4ec5\u5728\u4e00\u4e9b\u4e13\u4e1a\u9886\u57df\u6709\u6240\u5e94\u7528\u3002CCD\u6240\u5177\u5907\u7684\u566a\u70b9\u5c11\u3001\u52a8\u6001\u8303\u56f4\u9ad8\u7b49\u4f18\u70b9\uff0c\u4e5f\u6162\u6162\u88abCMOS\u8ffd\u8d76\u4e86\u4e0a\u6765\u3002\u56e0\u6b64CMOS\u7684\u524d\u666f\u8fdc\u597d\u4e8eCCD\u3002<\/p>\n

Ref\uff1a<\/p>\n

\u56fe\u50cf\u4f20\u611f\u5668\u5386\u53f2\uff1a<\/p>\n

\u65c5\u884c\u8005\u4e00\u53f7\u53d1\u5c04\u65f6 CCD \u8fd8\u6ca1\u6709\u95ee\u4e16\uff0c\u90a3\u5b83\u662f\u9760\u4ec0\u4e48\u7167\u76f8\u5e76\u4e14\u56de\u4f20\u56de\u5730\u7403\u7684\uff1f – \u77e5\u4e4e (zhihu.com)<\/p>\n

\u6444\u50cf\u7ba1_\u767e\u5ea6\u767e\u79d1 (baidu.com)<\/p>\n

Photomultiplier tube – Wikipedia<\/p>\n

\u6570\u7801\u6210\u50cf\u57fa\u7840\u77e5\u8bc6\uff1a<\/p>\n

Photoelectric effect – Wikipedia<\/p>\n

Photodiode – Wikipedia<\/p>\n

\u7535\u8377\u8026\u5408\u5668\u4ef6 – \u7ef4\u57fa\u767e\u79d1\uff0c\u81ea\u7531\u7684\u767e\u79d1\u5168\u4e66 (wikipedia.org)<\/p>\n

\u91d1\u5c5e\u6c27\u5316\u7269\u534a\u5bfc\u4f53\u573a\u6548\u5e94\u7ba1 – \u7ef4\u57fa\u767e\u79d1\uff0c\u81ea\u7531\u7684\u767e\u79d1\u5168\u4e66 (wikipedia.org)<\/p>\n

\u56fe\u8bf4MOSFET – \u77e5\u4e4e (zhihu.com)CCD<\/p>\n

CMOS\u539f\u7406\uff1a<\/p>\n

Albert THEUWISSEN. CMOS Image Sensors : State-Of-The-Art and Future Perspectives.<\/p>\n

ESSDERC 2007 – 37th European Solid State Device Research Conference<\/p>\n

Junichi Nakamura etc. Image Sensors and Signal Processing for Digital Still Cameras. 2006.<\/p>\n

Taylor & Francis<\/p>\n

CCD CMOS\u4f20\u611f\u5668\u57fa\u672c\u5de5\u4f5c\u539f\u7406_LuchangLi \u7684\u4e13\u680f-CSDN\u535a\u5ba2_ccd\u4f20\u611f\u5668\u5de5\u4f5c\u539f\u7406<\/p>\n

\u4ec0\u4e48\u662fCMOS\u4e0eCCD?\u2014\u2014\u8282\u9009\u81ea\u300a\u9ad8\u5174\u8bf4\u663e\u793a\u8fdb\u9636\u7bc7\u4e4b\u4e09\u300b – \u77e5\u4e4e (zhihu.com)<\/p>\n

\u8be6\u89e3CMOS\u56fe\u50cf\u4f20\u611f\u5668\u7684\u5de5\u4f5c\u539f\u7406-\u7535\u5b50\u53d1\u70e7\u53cb\u7f51 (elecfans.com)\uff08\u63a8\u8350\u9605\u8bfb\uff09<\/p>\n

CMOS \u56fe\u50cf\u4f20\u611f\u5668\u7b80\u4ecb\uff081\uff09\uff1a\u50cf\u7d20\u7ed3\u6784_Struggler\u7684\u4e13\u680f-CSDN\u535a\u5ba2_cmos\u56fe\u50cf\u4f20\u611f\u5668<\/p>\n

5. \u4fe1\u53f7\u5904\u7406\uff1a\u76f8\u673a\u7684ISP\uff08Image Signal Processing\uff09 \u4e00\u5806\u6d41\u6c34\u8d26\u53ef\u4ee5\u4e0d\u770b<\/p>\n

5.1 ISP\u7684\u4f5c\u7528<\/p>\n

\u7531CMOS\uff0cCCD\u76f4\u63a5\u5bfc\u51fa\u7684\u4fe1\u53f7\u5c31\u662f\u6700\u521d\u7684\u539f\u7247Raw Image\u3002<\/p>\n

\u5982\u4e0b\u56fe\u6240\u793a\uff0cRaw Image\u5927\u90e8\u5206\u65f6\u5019\u56fe\u50cf\u8d28\u91cf\u662f\u975e\u5e38\u5dee\u7684\u3002\u4e0e\u6211\u4eec\u8089\u773c\u770b\u5230\u7684\u771f\u5b9e\u7269\u4f53\u5f80\u5f80\u5728\u989c\u8272\u3001\u4eae\u5ea6\u3001\u5bf9\u6bd4\u5ea6\u7b49\u90fd\u6709\u8f83\u5927\u5dee\u522b,\u8fd8\u53ef\u80fd\u5b58\u5728\u4e00\u5b9a\u7684\u566a\u58f0\u3002<\/p>\n

<\/p>\n

CMOS\u8f93\u51fa\u7684RAW Image<\/p>\n

\u8fd9\u662f\u56e0\u4e3a\uff1a\u955c\u5934\u7ec4\u548cSensor\u672c\u8eab\u5b58\u5728\u5236\u9020\u5b89\u88c5\u8fc7\u7a0b\u4e2d\u7684\u7269\u7406\u7f3a\u9677\uff0c\u800c\u540e\u62cd\u6444\u7684\u5149\u7ebf\u6761\u4ef6\u53c8\u591a\u79cd\u591a\u6837\u3002\u56e0\u6b64\uff0c\u4e00\u6765\u9700\u8981\u76f8\u673a\u5bf9\u539f\u7247\u7f3a\u9677\u8fdb\u884c\u540e\u671f\u5904\u7406\uff0c\u4f7f\u5f97\u5176\u89c2\u611f\u5c3d\u91cf\u8fd8\u539f\u6211\u4eec\u8089\u773c\u770b\u5230\u7684\u7269\u4f53\uff1b\u4e8c\u6765\u8fd8\u8981\u6c42\u76f8\u673a\u955c\u5934\u548csensor\u80fd\u591f\u5bf9\u73af\u5883\u505a\u51fa\u5b9e\u65f6\u53cd\u5e94\uff0c\u6b63\u5982\u4eba\u773c\u5728\u8fdb\u5165\u660f\u6697\u73af\u5883\u540e\u77b3\u5b54\u653e\u5927\uff0c\u4ee5\u63a5\u53d7\u66f4\u591a\u8fdb\u5149\u3002\u76f8\u673a\u5982\u80fd\u591f\u8f93\u51fa\u66f4\u597d\u7684\u56fe\u7247\u8d28\u91cf\uff0c\u5bf9\u4e8e\u540e\u7eed\u7684\u56fe\u50cf\u5904\u7406\uff0c\u4ee5\u53ca\u6df1\u5ea6\u5b66\u4e60\u7b97\u6cd5\u90fd\u6709\u7740\u4e0d\u5c0f\u7684\u63d0\u5347\u3002<\/p>\n

\u76f8\u673a\u4e2d\u627f\u62c5\u4e0a\u8ff0\u4efb\u52a1\u7684\u5c31\u662f\u56fe\u50cf\u5904\u7406\u6a21\u5757 ISP\uff08Image Signal Processing\uff09\u3002ISP\u5728\u76f8\u673a\u7cfb\u7edf\u4e2d\u5360\u636e\u8f83\u4e3a\u6838\u5fc3\u5730\u4f4d\uff0c\u76f8\u5f53\u4e8e\u662f\u76f8\u673a\u7684\u201c\u5927\u8111\u201d\u3002\u5404\u5bb6\u624b\u673a\u5382\u5546\u5728ISP\u82af\u7247\u548c\u7b97\u6cd5\u4e0a\u6295\u5165\u7684\u7cbe\u529b\u4e5f\u6700\u591a\u3002\u6bd5\u7adfCMOS\u57fa\u672c\u662fSony\uff0cOV\uff0cSamsung\u4f9b\u8d27\uff0c\u955c\u5934\u7ec4\u57fa\u672c\u662f\u821c\u5b87\u3001\u6b27\u83f2\u5149\u4f9b\u8d27\u3002<\/p>\n

<\/p>\n

ISP\u7684\u5de5\u4f5c\u6a21\u5f0fISP \u5176\u5b9e\u5c31\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u4e13\u7528\u6765\u5904\u7406\u56fe\u50cf\u7684ASIC\uff0c\u96c6\u6210\u4e86\u4e00\u5b9a\u7684\u63a7\u5236\u903b\u8f91\u548c\u56fe\u50cf\u5904\u7406\u7b97\u6cd5\u3002\u5176\u7531ISP\u903b\u8f91\u53ca\u8fd0\u884c\u5728\u5176\u4e0a\u7684\u56fa\u4ef6Firmware\u7ec4\u6210\uff0c\u903b\u8f91\u5355\u5143\u9664\u4e86\u5b8c\u6210\u4e00\u90e8\u5206\u56fe\u50cf\u5904\u7406\u5916\uff0c\u8fd8\u53ef\u4ee5\u7edf\u8ba1\u51fa\u5f53\u524d\u56fe\u50cf\u7684\u5b9e\u65f6\u4fe1\u606f\u3002Firmware \u901a\u8fc7\u83b7\u53d6ISP \u903b\u8f91\u7684\u56fe\u50cf\u7edf\u8ba1\u4fe1\u606f\uff0c\u91cd\u65b0\u8ba1\u7b97\uff0c\u53cd\u9988\u63a7\u5236lens\u3001sensor \u548cISP\u7684\u903b\u8f91\uff0c\u4ee5\u8fbe\u5230\u81ea\u52a8\u8c03\u8282\u56fe\u50cf\u8d28\u91cf\u7684\u76ee\u7684\u3002<\/p>\n

Firmware \u5305\u542b\u4e09\u90e8\u5206\uff1a<\/p>\n

ISP \u63a7\u5236\u5355\u5143\u548c\u57fa\u7840\u7b97\u6cd5\u5e93\uff1b<\/p>\n

AE\/AWB\/AF 3A\u7b97\u6cd5\u5e93\uff1b \uff08\u91cd\u8981\uff09<\/p>\n

Sensor \u5e93\u3002<\/p>\n

Firmware \u8bbe\u8ba1\u7684\u57fa\u672c\u601d\u60f3\u662f\u5355\u72ec\u63d0\u4f9b3A \u7b97\u6cd5\u5e93\uff0c\u7531ISP \u63a7\u5236\u5355\u5143\u8c03\u5ea6\u57fa\u7840\u7b97\u6cd5\u5e93\u548c3A \u7b97\u6cd5\u5e93\uff0c\u540c\u65f6sensor \u5e93\u5206\u522b\u5411ISP \u57fa\u7840\u7b97\u6cd5\u5e93\u548c3A \u7b97\u6cd5\u5e93\u6ce8\u518c\u51fd\u6570\u56de\u8c03\uff0c\u4ee5\u5b9e\u73b0\u5dee\u5f02\u5316\u7684sensor \u9002\u914d\u3002<\/p>\n

5.2 ISP\u7684\u529f\u80fd<\/p>\n

\u4ecb\u7ecd\u6b64\u6bb5\u7565\u8fc7\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u9605\u8bfb\u8fd9\u7bc7\u4e13\u680f\uff0c\u5199\u7684\u975e\u5e38\u597d\uff0c\u5b66\u8fc7\u56fe\u50cf\u5904\u7406\uff0c\u73a9\u8fc7\u5de5\u4e1a\u76f8\u673a\u7684\u4eba\uff0c\u4e5f\u5927\u6982\u90fd\u77e5\u9053\u662f\u600e\u4e48\u56de\u4e8b\uff1a<\/p>\n

\u5176\u4e2d3A\u7b97\u6cd5\u90e8\u5206\u53ef\u4ee5\u591a\u5173\u6ce8\u4ee5\u4e0b\u4e00\u4e0b<\/p>\n

Yvon Shong\uff1a\u952e\u76d8\u6444\u5f71\uff08\u4e03\uff09\u2014\u2014\u6df1\u5165\u7406\u89e3\u56fe\u50cf\u4fe1\u53f7\u5904\u7406\u5668 ISP<\/p>\n

\u672c\u7ae0REF\uff1a<\/p>\n

Image processor – Wikipedia<\/p>\n

5\u5206\u949f\u7406\u89e3\u76f8\u673aISP\uff08\u56fe\u50cf\u4fe1\u53f7\u5904\u7406\uff09_brandon2015\u7684\u535a\u5ba2-CSDN\u535a\u5ba2\uff08\u63a8\u8350\u9605\u8bfb\uff09<\/p>\n

\u76f8\u673a\u7cfb\u7edf\u7efc\u8ff0 \u2014\u2014 ISP – \u9b45\u65cf\u5185\u6838\u56e2\u961f (meizu.com)<\/p>\n

ISP\u7b97\u6cd5\u4ecb\u7ecd——–super Good_zmjames2000 Just record-CSDN\u535a\u5ba2_\u76f8\u673aisphttps:\/\/www.dididongdong.com\/archives\/3722AdvancedISP.pdf (samsung.com)<\/p>\n

ISP\u57fa\u672c\u6846\u67b6\u53ca\u7b97\u6cd5\u4ecb\u7ecd-\u9762\u5305\u677f\u793e\u533a (eet-china.com)<\/p>\n

(15\u6761\u6d88\u606f) ISP\u57fa\u672c\u6846\u67b6\u53ca\u7b97\u6cd5\u4ecb\u7ecd_\u5927\u718a-CSDN\u535a\u5ba2_isp\u7b97\u6cd5<\/p>\n

\u56fe\u50cf\u6821\u6b63\u7b97\u6cd5\u76f8\u5173\uff1a<\/p>\n

Defective pixel – Wikipedia<\/p>\n

camera sensor crosstalk \u8be6\u7ec6\u4ecb\u7ecd_Mr-Alins-Zhang1-CSDN\u535a\u5ba2_\u6444\u50cf\u5934crosstalk\u6d4b\u8bd5<\/p>\n

6. \u73b0\u4ee3\u6570\u7801\u76f8\u673a\u539f\u7406<\/p>\n

\u524d\u9762\u8bb2\u8ff0\u4e86\u76f8\u673a\u7684\u6210\u50cf\u6a21\u578b\uff08\u5305\u62ecPinhole\u548cfisheye\uff09\u3001\u5149\u5b66\u50cf\u5dee\u3001\u6807\u5b9a\u65b9\u6cd5\u3001CMOS\u4e0eCCD\u3001ISP\u6a21\u5757\u7b49\u3002\u9664\u4e86\u955c\u5934\u7ec4\u4e4b\u5916\uff08\u795e\u5751\uff0c\u590d\u6742\uff09\uff0c\u76f8\u673a\u7684\u57fa\u672c\u6a21\u5757\u90fd\u6709\u6240\u6d89\u53ca\u3002\u8fd9\u4e00\u90e8\u5206\u5219\u5c06\u6570\u7801\u76f8\u673a\u4f5c\u4e3a\u4e00\u4e2a\u6574\u4f53\u6765\u5206\u6790\uff0c\u53d9\u8ff0\u4e00\u4e9b\u76f8\u673a\u76f8\u5173\u7684\u77e5\u8bc6\u3002<\/p>\n

\u8fd9\u90e8\u5206\u5185\u5bb9\u76f8\u5bf9\u4f1a\u96f6\u6563\u4e00\u4e9b\uff0c\u540e\u9762\u4e00\u4e9b\u5185\u5bb9\u5176\u5b9e\u5bf9\u5de5\u4f5c\u800c\u8a00\u5df2\u7ecf\u6ca1\u4ec0\u4e48\u5e2e\u52a9\u4e86\uff0c\u73a9\u8fc7\u5355\u53cd\u7684\u5e94\u8be5\u5f88\u719f\u6089\u8fd9\u90e8\u5206\u5185\u5bb9\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u4e0d\u770b\u3002<\/p>\n

6.0 \u66dd\u5149\u7684\u4e09\u8981\u7d20<\/p>\n

\u73a9\u8fc7\u5355\u53cd\u7684\u90fd\u77e5\u9053\uff0c\u624b\u52a8M\u6863\u6a21\u5f0f\u4e0b\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u5e38\u8c03\u8282\u7684\u57fa\u672c\u53ea\u6709\u4e09\u4e2a\u5f71\u54cd\u66dd\u5149\u7684\u53c2\u6570\uff1a\u5149\u5708\uff0c\u5feb\u95e8\uff0cISO\u3002<\/p>\n

\u5176\u4e2d\uff0c\u5149\u5708\u548c\u5feb\u95e8\u53ef\u4ee5\u63a7\u5236\u8fdb\u5149\u91cf\uff0cISO\u5219\u662f\u8c03\u8282Sensor\u5bf9\u5149\u7684\u654f\u611f\u5ea6\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e09\u79cd\u53c2\u6570\u7684\u8c03\u8282\u90fd\u662f\u500d\u589e\u6216\u500d\u51cf\u7684\u5173\u7cfb\u3002\u6444\u5f71\u5e08\u53ef\u4ee5\u901a\u8fc7\u4e0d\u540c\u7684\u53c2\u6570\u7ec4\u5408\u8fbe\u6210\u76f8\u540c\u7684\u66dd\u5149\u91cf\u3002\u6bd4\u5982\uff0cF32\u5149\u5708\u4e0b\u66dd\u51491\/30\u79d2\u548cF22\u5149\u5708\u4e0b\u66dd\u51491\/60\u79d2\u5f97\u5230\u7684\u8fdb\u5149\u91cf\u662f\u4e00\u6837\u7684\u3002<\/p>\n

<\/p>\n

\u66dd\u5149\u4e09\u8981\u7d20\u7684\u5f71\u54cd\uff0cFrom wikipedia<\/p>\n

\u8fd9\u4e09\u79cd\u8981\u7d20\u5404\u81ea\u53c8\u6709\u7740\u9c9c\u660e\u7684\u7279\u70b9\u3002\u6bd4\u5982\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u90fd\u542c\u8fc7\u4e00\u4e9b\u624b\u673a\u5382\u5bb6\u5ba3\u4f20\u201c\u5927\u5149\u5708\u201d\u53ef\u4ee5\u5728\u62cd\u4eba\u50cf\u65f6\u5b9e\u73b0\u80cc\u666f\u865a\u5316\uff08\u5c3d\u7ba1\u6709\u4e00\u4e9b\u7eaf\u7cb9\u662f\u4f9d\u9760\u540e\u5904\u7406\u7b97\u6cd5\u6765\u5b9e\u73b0\u7684\uff09\uff1b\u5728\u4e0d\u8c03\u8282\u53c2\u6570\u7684\u60c5\u51b5\u4e0b\uff0c\u62cd\u6444\u8fd0\u52a8\u7684\u7269\u4f53\u4f1a\u51fa\u73b0\u62d6\u5f71\u6a21\u7cca\uff1b\u591c\u665a\u666e\u901a\u7684\u76f8\u673a\u62cd\u51fa\u6765\u7684\u7167\u7247\u566a\u70b9\u975e\u5e38\u4e25\u91cd\u3002<\/p>\n

\u4ee5\u4e0a\u6240\u6709\u7684\u4e8b\u5b9e\uff0c\u90fd\u4e0e\u5feb\u95e8\u3001\u5149\u5708\u3001ISO\u8fd9\u4e09\u5927\u8981\u7d20\u6709\u5173\u3002\u4e0b\u9762\u5c31\u6765\u4f9d\u6b21\u4ecb\u7ecd\uff1a<\/p>\n

6.1 \u66dd\u5149\u4e00\u8981\u7d20\u2014\u2014\u5feb\u95e8\uff08Shutter\uff09<\/p>\n

\u5feb\u95e8\u662f\u76f8\u673a\u4e2d\u63a7\u5236\u66dd\u5149\u65f6\u95f4\u957f\u77ed\u7684\u88c5\u7f6e\uff0c\u901a\u8fc7\u8c03\u8282\u5feb\u95e8\u5f00\u95ed\u65f6\u95f4\u6765\u8c03\u8282\u66dd\u5149\u91cf\u3002\u5feb\u95e8\u7684\u901f\u5ea6\u5e8f\u5217\u4e00\u822c\u4e3a\uff1a32″\u300116″…..1\/4\u30011\/8\u30011\/15\u30011\/30 \u30011\/60\u30011\/125\u3001……1\/4000\u30011\/8000\u7b49\uff0c\u5b83\u4eec\u4e4b\u95f4\u5448\u73b0\u500d\u6570\u5173\u7cfb\uff0c\u6307\u201c\u51e0\u5206\u4e4b\u4e00\u79d2\u201d\u7684\u66dd\u5149\u65f6\u95f4\u3002<\/p>\n

\u5feb\u95e8\u6839\u636e\u5f00\u542f\u65b9\u5f0f\u5206\u4e3a\u5168\u5c40\u5feb\u95e8\u548c\u5377\u5e18\u5feb\u95e8\u3002<\/p>\n

\u5377\u5e18\u5feb\u95e8\uff08Rolling Shutter\uff09<\/p>\n

\u6211\u4eec\u4f7f\u7528\u4e00\u4e9b\u76f8\u673a\u65f6\u5019\u6309\u4e0b\u5feb\u95e8\uff0c\u542c\u5230\u5494\u5693\u4e00\u58f0\uff0c\u8fd9\u5c31\u662f\u76f8\u673a\u5185\u7684\u673a\u68b0\u5377\u5e18\u5feb\u95e8\u53d1\u51fa\u7684\u58f0\u54cd\u3002\u5377\u5e18\u5feb\u95e8\u76f8\u673a\u4e2d\uff0c\u611f\u5149\u5355\u5143\u4ece\u4e0a\u81f3\u4e0b\u9010\u884c\u66dd\u5149\u3002\u901a\u8fc7\u673a\u68b0\u7ed3\u6784\uff0c\u5feb\u95e8\u7684\u524d\u5e18\u548c\u540e\u5e18\u6253\u5f00\u4e00\u6761\u7f1d\u9699\uff0c\u5149\u7ebf\u4ece\u7f1d\u9699\u7a7f\u8fc7\uff0c\u6210\u50cf\u5143\u4ef6\u4ece\u800c\u5b8c\u6210\u66dd\u5149\u3002\u6b64\u79cd\u5de5\u4f5c\u6a21\u5f0f\u5f88\u597d\u7684\u9002\u914d\u4e86CMOS\u82af\u7247\u9010\u884c\u62a5\u6570\u7684\u7279\u6027\u3002<\/p>\n

<\/p>\n

\u5377\u5e18\u5feb\u95e8\u7684\u8bfb\u51fa\u6a21\u5f0f<\/p>\n

\u9010\u884c\u66dd\u5149\u7684\u7279\u6027\u5f15\u5165\u4e86\u4e00\u4e2a\u95ee\u9898\uff1a\u4e00\u5f20\u7167\u7247\u4e2d\u4ece\u4e0a\u5230\u4e0b\u53cd\u6620\u7684\u5e76\u4e0d\u662f\u540c\u4e00\u65f6\u523b\u65f6\u7684\u666f\u7269\u72b6\u6001\uff0c\u6b64\u79cd\u5931\u771f\u88ab\u79f0\u4e3a\u679c\u51bb\u6548\u5e94\uff0c\u5728\u62cd\u6444\u9ad8\u901f\u8fd0\u52a8\u7684\u7269\u4f53\u65f6\u8be5\u73b0\u8c61\u5c24\u5176\u660e\u663e\u3002<\/p>\n

\u5e76\u4e14\u5377\u5e18\u5feb\u95e8\u5bb9\u6613\u53d7\u5230\u95ea\u5149\u540c\u6b65\u901f\u5ea6\u7684\u9650\u5236\u3002\u95ea\u5149\u540c\u6b65\u901f\u5ea6\u6307\u76f8\u673a\u7684\u5feb\u95e8\u901f\u5ea6\u80fd\u591f\u4fdd\u8bc1\u5728\u95ea\u5149\u706f\u5de5\u4f5c\u7684\u65f6\u95f4\u6bb5\u5185\uff0c\u611f\u5149\u5143\u4ef6\u90fd\u63a5\u53d7\u5230\u66dd\u5149\u3002\u800c\u95ea\u5149\u706f\u7684\u8109\u51b2\u65f6\u95f4\u975e\u5e38\u77ed\uff0c\u57281\/200s-1\/500s\u4e4b\u95f4\uff0c\u4eae\u5ea6\u968f\u65f6\u95f4\u8fc5\u901f\u53d8\u5316\u7684\uff0c\u5982\u679c\u63a7\u5236\u4e0d\u597d\uff0c\u5219\u4f1a\u5bfc\u81f4\u4e25\u91cd\u7684\u66dd\u5149\u4e0d\u5747\u3002<\/p>\n

\u5377\u5e18\u5feb\u95e8\u7684\u201c\u679c\u51bb\u6548\u5e94\u201d\uff0cFrom wikipedia<\/p>\n

\u5168\u5c40\u5feb\u95e8\uff08Global Shutter\uff09<\/p>\n

\u201c\u5168\u5c40\u5feb\u95e8\u201d\u662f\u611f\u5149\u5143\u4ef6\u4e0a\u6240\u6709\u7684\u611f\u5149\u5c0f\u5355\u5143\u540c\u65f6\u611f\u5149\u3002\u8fd9\u7b26\u5408CCD\u7684\u611f\u5149\u7279\u6027\uff0cCCD\u662f\u81ea\u5e26\u5168\u5c40\u5feb\u95e8\u7684\u3002CMOS\u4e5f\u80fd\u505a\u6210\u5168\u5c40\u5feb\u95e8\uff0c\uff0c\u4f46\u7ed3\u679c\u4f1a\u5f15\u5165\u566a\u58f0\uff0c\u81f4\u4f7f\u8868\u73b0\u4e0b\u964d\u3002<\/p>\n

\u76ee\u524d\uff0c\u4e00\u4e9b\u5de5\u4e1a\u76f8\u673a\uff0c\u9ad8\u7aef\u7684\u6c11\u7528\u76f8\u673a\uff08Sony\uff0cCanon\u7b49\uff09\u90fd\u6709CMOS\u7684\u5168\u5c40\u5feb\u95e8\u4ea7\u54c1\u3002\u5168\u5c40\u5feb\u95e8\u4e0e\u5377\u5e18\u5f0f\u5feb\u95e8 – \u77e5\u4e4e (zhihu.com)<\/p>\n

6.2 \u66dd\u5149\u4e8c\u8981\u7d20\u2014\u2014\u5149\u5708\uff08Aperture\uff09<\/p>\n

6.2.1 \u5149\u5708\u7684\u6982\u5ff5<\/p>\n

\u5149\u5708\u662f\u76f8\u673a\u955c\u5934\u4e2d\u63a7\u5236\u5149\u7ebf\u7684\u53f6\u7247\u88c5\u7f6e\uff0c\u8c03\u6574\u5149\u5708\u5927\u5c0f\u53ef\u4ee5\u8c03\u8282\u901a\u5149\u91cf\u3002\u5149\u5708\u4e2d\u5fc3\u5f00\u53e3\u7684\u5927\u5c0f\u4ee3\u8868\u5149\u5708\u7684\u6570\u503c\uff0c\u901a\u5e38\u7528f \u7cfb\u6570\u6765\u8868\u793a\u3002\u6570\u503c\u8d8a\u5c0f\uff0c\u4ee3\u8868\u5b54\u5f84\u7684\u5f00\u53e3\u6108\u5927\uff0c\u66dd\u5149\u91cf\u6108\u5927\u3002<\/p>\n

\u5149\u5708\u7684\u6570\u503c\u5e8f\u5217\u901a\u5e38\u662f f\/1\u3001f\/1.4\u3001f\/2\u3001f\/2.8\u3001f\/4\u3001f\/5.6\u3001f\/8\u3001f\/11\u3001f\/16\u3001f\/22\u3001f\/32\uff0c\u4ee3\u8868\u4e86\u5149\u5708\u7684\u5b54\u5f84\u3002\u76f8\u90bb\u4e24\u4e2a\u6570\u5b57\u662f\u221a2\u500d\uff0c\u4e8e\u662f\u9762\u79ef\u54482\u500d\u5173\u7cfb\u3002\u6ce8\u610f\uff0c\u5bf9\u4e8e\u5149\u5708\uff0c\u6570\u503c\u8d8a\u5c0f\uff0c\u53cd\u800c\u5149\u5708\u8d8a\u5927\u3002<\/p>\n

<\/p>\n

\u955c\u5934\u7684\u5149\u5708\uff0cFrom wikipedia<\/p>\n

6.2.2 \u666f\u6df1\u7684\u8ba1\u7b97<\/p>\n

\u5149\u5708\u4e0d\u4ec5\u4ec5\u63a7\u5236\u901a\u5149\u91cf\uff0c\u5176\u4e0e\u201c\u666f\u6df1\u201d\u4e5f\u6709\u7740\u5bc6\u5207\u7684\u5173\u7cfb\u3002\u8981\u660e\u767d\u666f\u6df1\uff0c\u9996\u5148\u9700\u8981\u5b66\u4e60\u4e00\u4e2a\u6982\u5ff5\uff1a<\/p>\n

\u5f25\u6563\u5706 (Circle of Confusion)<\/p>\n

\u6210\u50cf\u7cfb\u7edf\u4e2d\uff0c\u5728\u7126\u70b9\u7684\u524d\u540e\uff0c\u5149\u7ebf\u4ece\u805a\u96c6\u5230\u6269\u6563\uff0c\u4e00\u4e2a\u70b9\u7684\u5f71\u8c61\u4ece\u5706\u5230\u70b9\uff0c\u7ee7\u800c\u518d\u6b21\u6269\u6563\u6210\u5706\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e2a\u7126\u70b9\u524d\u9762\u548c\u540e\u9762\u7684\u5706\u5c31\u53eb\u505a\u5f25\u6563\u5706\u3002\u5982\u679c\u5f25\u6563\u5706\u7684\u76f4\u5f84\u5c0f\u4e8e\u4eba\u773c\u7684\u9274\u522b\u80fd\u529b\uff0c\u4eba\u773c\u5c06\u611f\u89c9\u662f\u6e05\u6670\u7684\u3002\u8fd9\u4e2a\u53ef\u88ab\u63a5\u53d7\u7684\u6700\u5927\u76f4\u5f84\u88ab\u79f0\u4e3a\u5bb9\u8bb8\u5f25\u6563\u5706\u76f4\u5f84\u03b4 (Permissible circle of confusion)\u3002<\/p>\n

\u53ef\u4ee5\u770b\u51fa\uff1a\u666f\u6df1\u662f\u76f8\u5bf9\u7684\uff0c\u800c\u4e0d\u662f\u7edd\u5bf9\u7684\u3002\u548c\u5bb9\u8bb8\u5f25\u6563\u5706\u76f4\u5f84 \u03b4\u7684\u53d6\u503c\u5927\u5c0f\u6709\u7740\u76f4\u63a5\u7684\u5173\u7cfb\u3002\u5f25\u6563\u5706\u76f4\u5f84 \u03b4 \u7684\u53d6\u503c\u7684\u5927\u5c0f\u548c\u955c\u5934\u751f\u4ea7\u5382\u5546\u7684\u6280\u672f\u80fd\u529b\u6709\u5173\u3002<\/p>\n

\u4e0d\u540c\u5149\u5708\u5bf9\u666f\u6df1\u7684\u5f71\u54cd<\/p>\n

\u666f\u6df1\uff08Depth of Field\uff0cDOF\uff09<\/p>\n

\u5728\u5bf9\u7126\u65f6\uff0c\u666f\u7269\u901a\u8fc7\u955c\u5934\u5728\u7126\u5e73\u9762\u4e0a\u6e05\u6670\u6210\u50cf\uff0c\u800c\u5bf9\u7126\u70b9\u7684\u524d\u666f\u548c\u540e\u666f\u4e5f\u4f1a\u5728\u7126\u5e73\u9762\u6210\u50cf\uff0c\u53ea\u8981\u5b83\u4eec\u6210\u50cf\u7684\u5f25\u6563\u5706\u5c0f\u4e8e\u7b49\u4e8e\u5bb9\u8bb8\u5f25\u6563\u5706\u76f4\u5f84\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u5219\u8ba4\u4e3a\u56fe\u662f\u6e05\u6670\u7684\uff0c\u7126\u70b9\u524d\u540e\u5404\u4e24\u4e2a\u5f25\u6563\u5706\u4e4b\u95f4\u7684\u8ddd\u79bb\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u79f0\u547c\u5b83\u53eb\u7126\u6df1\u3002\u800c\u666f\u6df1\u5219\u662f\uff1a\u5728\u88ab\u6444\u4e3b\u4f53(\u5bf9\u7126\u70b9)\u524d\u540e\uff0c\u5176\u5f71\u50cf\u5177\u6709\u7684\u4e00\u6bb5\u6e05\u6670\u8303\u56f4\uff0c\u8fd9\u8303\u56f4\u5185\u7684\u666f\u7269\u5728\u7126\u5e73\u9762\u4e0a\u6210\u50cf\uff0c\u90fd\u5728\u5bb9\u8bb8\u5f25\u6563\u5706\u7684\u9650\u5b9a\u8303\u56f4\u5185\u3002\u6240\u80fd\u6e05\u6670\u6210\u50cf\u7684\u6700\u8fdc\u90e8\u5206\u548c\u6700\u8fd1\u90e8\u5206\u4e4b\u95f4\u7684\u8ddd\u79bb\u3002<\/p>\n

\u666f\u6df1\u7684\u6982\u5ff5<\/p>\n

\u666f\u6df1\u4f1a\u968f\u955c\u5934\u7684\u7126\u8ddd\u3001\u5149\u5708\u503c\u3001\u5bf9\u7126\u8ddd\u79bb\u7684\u4e0d\u540c\u800c\u53d8\u5316\u3002\u5728\u4e0a\u56fe\u4e2d\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u80fd\u4e4b\u95f4\u6839\u636e\u9ad8\u65af\u6210\u50cf\u516c\u5f0f frac{1}{f}=frac{1}{u}+frac{1}{v} \uff08u-\u7269\u8ddd\uff0cv-\u50cf\u8ddd\uff09\u8ba1\u7b97\u51fa\u5149\u5708\u548c\u666f\u6df1\u4e4b\u95f4\u7684\u5173\u7cfb\u3002<\/p>\n

F \uff1a\u5149\u5708\u503c\uff0cF=\u955c\u5934\u7684\u7126\u8ddd\u9664\u4ee5\u5149\u5708\u53e3\u5f84\uff1b<\/p>\n

L \uff1a\u5408\u7126\u7269\u8ddd\uff08\u62cd\u6444\u8ddd\u79bb\uff09\u666f\u6df1\u7684\u516c\u5f0f\u8868\u8fbe\u5982\u4e0b\uff0c\u5177\u4f53\u63a8\u5bfc\u8fc7\u7a0b\u7701\u7565\uff0c\u5e76\u4e0d\u590d\u6742\uff0c\u4e3b\u8981\u57fa\u4e8e\u4e09\u89d2\u76f8\u4f3c\u539f\u7406\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u81ea\u884c\u63a8\u5bfc\u3002<\/p>\n

\u524d\u666f\u6df1: Delta L_1=frac{Fdelta L^2}{f^2+Fdelta L}<\/p>\n

\u540e\u666f\u6df1: Delta L_2=frac{Fdelta L^2}{f^2-Fdelta L}<\/p>\n

\u666f\u6df1: DOF=Delta L=frac{2f^2Fdelta L^2}{f^4-F^2 delta^2 L^2}=frac{2f^2delta L^2}{frac{f^4}{F}-delta^2 L^2 F}=frac{2f^2Fdelta L^2}{f^2- frac{delta^2 L^2 F^2}{f^2}}=frac{2f^2Fdelta}{frac{f^4}{L^2}-F^2 delta^2}<\/p>\n

\u901a\u8fc7\u516c\u5f0f\u6211\u4eec\u53ef\u4ee5\u770b\u51fa\uff1a<\/p>\n

\u955c\u5934\u5149\u5708\uff1a\u666f\u6df1\u7684\u5206\u6bcd\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u5173\u4e8eF\u503c\u5355\u8c03\u9012\u51cf\u7684\u51fd\u6570\uff0c\u6240\u4ee5\u5149\u5708\u8d8a\u5c0f\uff0cF\u503c\u8d8a\u5927\uff0c\u666f\u6df1\u8d8a\u5927\u3002<\/p>\n

\u955c\u5934\u7126\u8ddd\uff1a\u955c\u5934\u7126\u8dddf \u8d8a\u5927\uff0c\u666f\u6df1\u8d8a\u5c0f\uff1b\u7126\u8ddd\u8d8a\u5c0f\uff0c\u666f\u6df1\u8d8a\u5927\uff1b<\/p>\n

\u62cd\u6444\u8ddd\u79bb\uff1a\u8ddd\u79bbL \u8d8a\u8fdc\uff0c\u666f\u6df1\u8d8a\u5927\uff1b\u8ddd\u79bb\u8d8a\u8fd1\uff0c\u666f\u6df1\u8d8a\u5c0f\u3002<\/p>\n

\u5149\u5708-\u666f\u6df1\u7684\u76f4\u89c2\u8054\u7cfb<\/p>\n

\u5927\u5149\u5708-\u5c0f\u666f\u6df1\u53d6\u5f97\u7684\u80cc\u666f\u865a\u5316\u6548\u679c<\/p>\n

\u56e0\u6b64\u5728\u6211\u4eec\u5b9e\u9645\u62cd\u7167\u8fc7\u7a0b\u4e2d\uff0c\u5f53\u6211\u4eec\u9700\u8981\u62cd\u6444\u4eba\u50cf\u3001\u7269\u4f53\u7684\u65f6\u5019\uff0c\u5e38\u5e38\u9009\u62e9\u5927\u5149\u5708\uff0c\u4ee5\u8fbe\u5230\u4f7f\u62cd\u6444\u4e3b\u4f53\u5916\u5176\u4ed6\u80cc\u666f\u79bb\u7126\u6a21\u7cca\u7684\u6548\u679c\u3002<\/p>\n

6.2.2 \u8d85\u7126\u8ddd<\/p>\n

\u5f53\u955c\u5934\u5bf9\u7126\u5728\u65e0\u7a77\u8fdc\u65f6\uff0c\u666f\u6df1\u524d\u754c\uff08\u79bb\u955c\u5934\u6700\u8fd1\u6e05\u6670\u70b9\uff09\u5230\u955c\u5934\u7684\u8ddd\u79bb\u79f0\u4e4b\u4e3a\u8d85\u7126\u8ddd\u3002\u6362\u53e5\u8bdd\u8bf4\u5f53\u955c\u5934\u5bf9\u7126\u5728\u8fd9\u4e2a\u8d85\u7126\u8ddd\u70b9\u65f6\uff0c\u4ece\u8fd9\u4e2a\u8d85\u7126\u8ddd\u70b9\u5230\u76f8\u673a\u4e00\u534a\u7684\u8ddd\u79bb\u5f00\u59cb\u5230\u65e0\u7a77\u8fdc\u90fd\u662f\u6e05\u6670\u7684\u3002<\/p>\n

\u5177\u4f53\u7684\u63a8\u5bfc\u8fc7\u7a0b\u5982\u4e0b\uff1a<\/p>\n

\u5f53\u5bf9\u7126\u5230\u65e0\u7a77\u8fdc\u65f6\uff0c\u8ba4\u4e3a\u7269\u8ddd L \u662f\u65e0\u7a77\u8fdc\uff1a<\/p>\n

\u666f\u6df1\u524d\u754c\uff1a d=displaystyle lim_{ Lto infty}(L-Delta L_1)=displaystyle lim_{ Lto infty}(L-frac{Fdelta L^2}{f^2+F delta L})=frac{f^2}{F delta}<\/p>\n

\u5bf9\u7126\u5230\u8be5\u70b9\u65f6\u8ba1\u7b97\u540e\u666f\u6df1\uff0c d\u5e26\u5165L \uff1a Delta L_2=frac{Fdelta L^2}{f^2-Fdelta L}=frac{f^2}{Fdelta-Fdelta}<\/p>\n

\u53ef\u770b\u5230\uff0c\u5206\u6bcd\u4e3a0\uff0c\u540e\u666f\u6df1\u8d8b\u4e8e\u65e0\u7a77\u3002<\/p>\n

\u800c\u6b64\u65f6\u666f\u6df1\u524d\u754c\uff1a L-Delta L_1 = d\/2<\/p>\n

6.3 \u66dd\u5149\u4e09\u8981\u7d20\u2014\u2014ISO<\/p>\n

\u6700\u540e\u4e00\u4e2a\u5f71\u54cd\u66dd\u5149\u7684\u56e0\u7d20\u5c31\u662f\u611f\u5149\u5ea6\u3002\u611f\u5149\u5ea6\u7684\u6807\u51c6\u662f\u7531\u3010\u56fd\u9645\u6807\u51c6\u5316\u7ec4\u7ec7 (International Organization for Standardization)\uff0cISO\u3011\u5236\u8ba2\uff0c\u6240\u4ee5\u6211\u4eec\u5c06\u5176\u7b80\u79f0\u4e3aISO\u3002\u6ca1\u60f3\u5230\u5427\uff0cISO\u5176\u5b9e\u5e76\u4e0d\u662f\u76f8\u673a\u9886\u57df\u4e13\u4e1a\u540d\u8bcd\u7684\u7f29\u5199\u3002<\/p>\n

\u611f\u5149\u5ea6\u7684\u6570\u503c\u53ef\u4ee5\u6709100\uff0c200\uff0c400\uff0c800….\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e9b\u90fd\u662f\u80f6\u7247\u65f6\u4ee3\u7684\u4ea7\u7269\u3002\u6570\u503c\u8d8a\u9ad8\uff0c\u5c31\u8bf4\u660e\u5bf9\u5149\u7684\u654f\u611f\u6027\u589e\u5f3a\uff0c\u5bf9\u5149\u901a\u91cf\u7684\u9700\u6c42\u4e5f\u5c31\u8d8a\u4f4e\u3002\u597d\u6bd4\u91c7\u7528800\u7684ISO\uff0c\u6240\u9700\u7684\u66dd\u5149\u65f6\u95f4\u5c31\u662f400 ISO\u7684\u4e00\u534a\u3002<\/p>\n

\u80f6\u7247\u65f6\u4ee3\u7684 ISO<\/p>\n

\u5bf9\u4e8e\u4ee5\u524d\u6240\u7528\u7684\u80f6\u5377\uff0c\u5176\u6539\u53d8ISO\u7684\u65b9\u5f0f\u662f\u4f7f\u7528\u4e0d\u540c\u7684\u611f\u5149\u9897\u7c92\u3002\u4e5f\u5c31\u662f\u8bf4\uff0c\u60f3\u8981\u6539\u53d8ISO\u5c31\u5f97\u66ff\u6362\u4e0d\u540c\u7684\u80f6\u5377\u3002<\/p>\n

\u6570\u7801\u76f8\u673a\u7684 ISO<\/p>\n

\u6570\u7801\u6210\u50cf\u672c\u8d28\u4e0a\u662f\u57fa\u4e8e\u5149\u7535\u6548\u5e94\uff0c\u800c\u5176\u5b9e\u5149\u5b50\u6253\u5728sensor\u4e0a\u5f15\u8d77\u7535\u6d41\u7684\u6700\u5c0f\u6fc0\u6d3b\u80fd\u91cf\uff0c\u4e5f\u5c31\u662fCMOS\u3001CCD\u81ea\u8eab\u7684\u611f\u5149\u5ea6\u3002\u800c\u6570\u7801\u76f8\u673a\u6240\u8c13\u7684\u8c03\u8282ISO\uff0c\u5176\u5b9e\u5c31\u662f\u8c03\u8282\u6a21\u62df\u4fe1\u53f7\u7684\u589e\u76ca\u3002\u90a3\u4e48\uff0c\u663e\u7136\u566a\u58f0\u4fe1\u53f7\u4e5f\u4f1a\u968f\u7740\u4e00\u5e76\u653e\u5927\u3002\u8fd9\u5c31\u662f\u4e3a\u4ec0\u4e48\u5728\u591c\u665a\u62cd\u6444\u65f6\u5019ISO\u8f83\u9ad8\uff0c\u566a\u70b9\u975e\u5e38\u660e\u663e\u3002<\/p>\n

6.4 \u7b49\u6548\u7126\u8ddd\u4e0e\u7b49\u6548\u5149\u5708<\/p>\n

\u7531\u524d\u9762\u53ef\u77e5\uff0c\u955c\u5934\u672c\u8eab\u7684\u53c2\u6570\u3001\u7126\u8ddd\u90fd\u4f1a\u5f71\u54cd\u62cd\u6444\u7684\u89c6\u91ce\u3002\u5176\u5b9e\uff0c\u8fd8\u6709\u53e6\u4e00\u4e2a\u91cd\u8981\u7684\u5f71\u54cd\u89c6\u91ce\u7684\u53c2\u6570\u2014\u2014Sensor\u7684\u7269\u7406\u5c3a\u5bf8\u3002\u5c31\u597d\u6bd4\u753b\u5e03\u7684\u5927\u5c0f\u4e00\u6837\u3002<\/p>\n

\u6240\u8c13\u7684\u201c\u5168\u753b\u5e45\u201d\u6982\u5ff5\u662f\u4ece\u80f6\u5377\u7ee7\u627f\u8fc7\u6765\u7684\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u79f0\u4f20\u611f\u5668\u9762\u79ef\u4e0e 35mm \u5e95\u7247\u76f8\u540c\u7684\u76f8\u673a\u4e3a\u5168\u753b\u5e45\u76f8\u673a\u3002\u90a3\u4e48\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u4fdd\u6301\u5149\u5b66\u7cfb\u7edf\u6240\u6709\u53c2\u6570\u4e0d\u53d8\uff0c\u800c\u5c06sensor\u7684\u753b\u5e45\u51cf\u5c0f\uff0c\u753b\u5e03\u51cf\u5c0f\uff0c\u7167\u7247\u7684\u89c6\u91ce\u4e5f\u5c31\u5c0f\u4e86\u3002\u4e8e\u662f\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u5f15\u5165\u526a\u5207\u7cfb\u6570\uff0c\u6765\u8861\u91cf\u753b\u5e45\u7684\u4e0d\u540c\u5bf9\u6210\u50cf\u7684\u5f71\u54cd\u3002\u5e76\u5f15\u5165\u7b49\u6548\u7126\u8ddd\u548c\u7b49\u6548\u5149\u5708\u7684\u6982\u5ff5\u6765\u6bd4\u8f83\u4e0d\u540c\u753b\u5e45\u4e0b\u4e0d\u540c\u7126\u8ddd\u548c\u5149\u5708\u7684\u6210\u50cf\u6548\u679c\u3002<\/p>\n

\u76f8\u673aSensor\u753b\u5e45\u5927\u5c0f<\/p>\n

6.5.1 \u7b49\u6548\u7126\u8ddd<\/p>\n

\u6240\u8c13\u7b49\u6548\u7126\u8ddd\uff0c\u662f\u6307\u7531\u4e8e\u753b\u5e45\u7684\u53d8\u5316\uff0c\u76f8\u673a\u89c6\u91ce\u7684\u53d8\u5316\u800c\u5bfc\u81f4\u7126\u8ddd\u7684\u53d8\u5316\u3002\u5982 4\/3 \u753b\u5e45\uff0c\u7531\u4e8e\u5176 CMOS \u9762\u79ef\u51e0\u4e4e\u4e3a\u5168\u753b\u5e45\u7684 1\/4\uff0c\u5176\u53ef\u53d6\u62cd\u6444\u9762\u79ef\u53ea\u662f\u5168\u753b\u5e45\u76841\/4\u3002<\/p>\n

\u90a3\u4e48\u53ef\u4ee5\u7406\u89e3\u4e3a\uff1a\u4f7f\u7528\u7126\u8ddd f \u7684\u6b8b\u5e45\u76f8\u673a\u6240\u770b\u5230\u7684\u666f\u8272 = \u4f7f\u7528\u5168\u753b\u5e45\u76f8\u673a\u57282f \u7126\u8ddd\u4e0b\u770b\u5230\u7684\u666f\u8272\u3002\u4e8e\u662f\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u79f0\u547c\u6b64\u6b8b\u5e45\u76f8\u673a\u768435mm \u7b49\u6548\u7126\u8ddd\u4e3a 2f\u3002\u7b49\u6548\u7126\u8ddd\u672c\u8d28\u4e0a\u63cf\u8ff0\u7684\u662f\u89c6\u89d2\u7684\u7b49\u6548\uff0c\u5b83\u7684\u8868\u8fbe\u66f4\u52a0\u7b80\u6d01\u76f4\u89c2\uff0c\u89e3\u51b3\u4e86\u8ba1\u7b97\u4e09\u89d2\u51fd\u6570\u7684\u9ebb\u70e6\u3002<\/p>\n

\u5982\u56fe\u6240\u793a\uff0c\u76f8\u673a\u7684\u89c6\u89d2\u540c\u7126\u8ddd\u4e4b\u95f4\u7684\u5173\u7cfb\u662f\uff1a fov = 2* arctan(frac{W}{2f})<\/p>\n

\u76f8\u673a\u7684\u89c6\u89d2<\/p>\n

6.5.2 \u7b49\u6548\u5149\u5708<\/p>\n

\u540c\u7406\uff0c\u7b49\u6548\u5149\u5708\u7684\u610f\u601d\u662f\uff1a\u5728\u753b\u5e45\u4e0d\u540c\u7684\u60c5\u51b5\u4e0b\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u6839\u636e\u5404\u81ea\u7684\u7b49\u6548\u5149\u5708\u503c\u6765\u8fdb\u884c\u6bd4\u8f83\u666f\u6df1\u3001\u5f31\u5149\u6027\u80fd\u4ee5\u53ca\u540c\u7ed3\u6784\u4e0b\u7684\u5206\u8fa8\u7387\u7b49\u6548\u679c\u3002<\/p>\n

\u666f\u6df1\u7684\u7b49\u6548<\/p>\n

\u7406\u8bba\u4e0a\u6765\u8bf4\uff0c\u53ea\u6709\u4f4d\u4e8e\u67d0\u4e00\u7279\u5b9a\u5e73\u9762\u7684\u70b9\u5149\u6e90\uff08\u70b9 A\uff09\u6240\u53d1\u6563\u51fa\u7684\u5149\u7ebf\u624d\u53ef\u4ee5\u88ab\u955c\u5934\u5728\u5e95\u7247\u4e0a\u91cd\u65b0\u8fd8\u539f\u4e3a\u4e00\u4e2a\u70b9\uff08A’\uff09\u3002\u504f\u79bb\u70b9A\u6240\u5728\u5e73\u9762\u7684\u70b9\u5149\u6e90\uff08B\uff09\u5c06\u6c47\u805a\u5728\u53e6\u4e00\u5e73\u9762\u4e0a\uff08B’\uff09\uff0c\u5bfc\u81f4\u5176\u5728\u5e95\u7247\u4e0a\u5f62\u6210\u4e00\u4e2a\u5149\u6591\uff0c\u4e5f\u5c31\u662f\u6240\u8c13\u7684\u5f25\u6563\u5706\uff08\u76f4\u5f84\u4e3a delta \uff09\u3002<\/p>\n

B \u70b9\u79bb A \u70b9\u8d8a\u8fdc\uff0c\u5219\u5f25\u6563\u5708\u8d8a\u5927\uff0c\u5927\u5230\u4e00\u5b9a\u7a0b\u5ea6\u540e B \u70b9\u4fbf\u88ab\u865a\u5316\u3002A \u70b9\u524d\u540e\u80fd\u6e05\u6670\u6210\u50cf\uff08\u5f25\u6563\u5706\u76f4\u5f84\u5c0f\u4e8e\u4e00\u5b9a\u503c\uff09\u7684\u8303\u56f4\u88ab\u79f0\u4e3a\u666f\u6df1\u3002\u6839\u636e\u76f8\u4f3c\u4e09\u89d2\u5f62\u53ef\u77e5<\/p>\n

frac{v_a-v_b}{delta} = frac{v_b}{D}<\/p>\n

\u800c\u5149\u5708 F \u7684\u5b9a\u4e49\u5b9e\u8d28\u4e3a\u7126\u8ddd\u548c\u5b54\u5f84\u7684\u6bd4\u503c\uff08\u56e0\u4e3a\u6210\u50cf\u4eae\u5ea6\u4e0d\u662f\u8ddf\u5149\u5708\u5b54\u5f84\u6709\u5173\uff0c\u800c\u662f\u4e0e\u7126\u8ddd\/\u5149\u5708\u5b54\u5f84\u6709\u5173\uff09 F = frac{f}{D} \uff0c\u800c\u6839\u636e\u9ad8\u65af\u6210\u50cf\u516c\u5f0f frac{1}{u}+frac{1}{v}=frac{1}{f}<\/p>\n

\u53ef\u5f97\uff1a delta=frac{(u_b-u_a)f^2}{(u_a-f)u_bF}\u2248frac{(u_b-u_a)f^2}{u_au_bF} \uff08\u4e00\u822c\u7269\u8ddd\u8fdc\u5927\u4e8e\u7126\u8ddd\uff09<\/p>\n

\u7528\u6709\u5927\u5c0f\u4e0d\u540c\u7684\u4e24\u5757\u5e95\uff0c\u5927\u5e95\u7684\u8fb9\u957f\u662f\u5c0f\u5e95\u7684 x \u500d\uff0cf1 \u4e3a\u6807\u5f0f\u771f\u5b9e\u7126\u8ddd\uff0c\u5176\u7b49\u6548\u7126\u8ddd\u4e3a f_x = f_1\/x \uff08\u6240\u4ee5 x \u662f\u5e95\u7684\u5e45\u9762\u7cfb\u6570\uff0c1\/x \u662f\u88c1\u5207\u7cfb\u6570\uff09<\/p>\n

\u800c\u4f7f\u7528\u4e86\u4e0d\u540c\u7684\u753b\u5e45\uff0c\u56e0\u4e3a\u4e0d\u540c\u5e45\u9762\u611f\u5149\u5143\u4ef6\uff0c\u5176\u5bb9\u8bb8\u5f25\u6563\u5706\u7684\u5927\u5c0f\u662f\u4e0d\u4e00\u6837\u7684\uff0c\u4e5f\u5c31\u662f\u8bf4\u540c\u6837\u5927\u5c0f\u7684\u5f25\u6563\u5706\uff0c\u5728\u5927\u5e95\u76f8\u673a\u4e0a\u53ef\u80fd\u6e05\u6670\u6210\u50cf\uff0c\u4f46\u662f\u5728\u5c0f\u5e95\u7247\u4e0a\u5c31\u4f1a\u975e\u5e38\u6a21\u7cca\u3002\u6240\u4ee5\u6211\u4eec\u5f97\u6bd4\u8f83\u5f25\u6563\u5706\u76f4\u5f84\u76f8\u6bd4\u4f20\u611f\u5668\u7684\u76f8\u5bf9\u5927\u5c0f\u4e3a\u865a\u5316\u7a0b\u5ea6\uff1a<\/p>\n

Deltadelta=frac{delta}{x}=frac{(u_b-u_a)f^2}{u_a u_bFx}=frac{(u_b-u_a)x^2f_x^2}{u_a u_bFx}=frac{(u_b-u_a)f_x^2}{u_a u_bF}x<\/p>\n

\u6240\u4ee5\u5c0f\u5e95\u76f8\u673a\u5728\u4f7f\u7528\u540c\u6837\u7684\u5149\u5708 F \u503c\u7684\u60c5\u51b5\u4e0b\uff0c\u5176\u5b9e\u9645\u865a\u5316\u7a0b\u5ea6\u53ea\u6709\u5927\u5e95\u76f8\u673a\u7684 1\/ x\u3002\u4e3a\u4e86\u8865\u507f\u8fd9\u4e00\u5dee\u8ddd\uff0c\u8fbe\u5230\u76f8\u540c\u7684\u865a\u5316\u7a0b\u5ea6\uff0c\u5c0f\u5e95\u76f8\u673a\u9700\u8981\u5c06\u5149\u5708\u5b54\u5f84\u5f00\u5927 x \u500d\u3002<\/p>\n

\u6240\u4ee5\u5c0f\u5e95\u76f8\u673a\u6b64\u65f6\u5149\u5708\u503c\u4e3a F \u65f6\u7684\u865a\u5316\u6548\u679c\uff0c\u7b49\u6548\u4e3a\u5927\u5e95\u76f8\u673a\u5149\u5708\u503c\u4e3a xF \u65f6\u7684\u865a\u5316\u6548\u679c\uff0c\u8fd9\u5c31\u662f\u7b49\u6548\u5149\u5708\u3002<\/p>\n

\u6839\u636e\u516c\u5f0f\u6211\u4eec\u53ef\u4ee5\u770b\u51fa\uff1a<\/p>\n

\u5f53\u7269\u8ddd\u56fa\u5b9a\uff0c\u4f7f\u7528\u76f8\u540c\u7684\u5e95\uff0c\u5373\u5e95\u7684\u5e45\u9762 x \u56fa\u5b9a\uff0c\u548c\u540c\u6837\u6807\u793a\u7126\u8ddd f_1 \u7684\u955c\u5934\uff0c\u90a3\u4e48\u5149\u5708\u8d8a\u5927\uff0cF \u6570\u5b57\u8d8a\u5c0f\uff0c\u865a\u5316\u7a0b\u5ea6\u8d8a\u5927\u3002<\/p>\n

\u5f53\u4f7f\u7528\u76f8\u540c\u7684\u5e95\uff0c\u5373\u5e95\u7684\u5e45\u9762 x \u56fa\u5b9a\uff0c\u5149\u5708 F \u56fa\u5b9a\uff0c\u90a3\u4e48\u7269\u8ddd\uff08\u5bf9\u7126\u8ddd\u79bb\uff09 u_a \u8d8a\u5c0f\uff0c\u51fd\u6570\u5173\u4e8e u_a \u5355\u8c03\uff0c\u865a\u5316\u7a0b\u5ea6\u8d8a\u5927\u3002<\/p>\n

\u5f53\u4f7f\u7528\u76f8\u540c\u7684\u5e95\uff0c\u5373\u5e95\u7684\u5e45\u9762 x \u56fa\u5b9a\uff0c\u5149\u5708 F \u56fa\u5b9a\uff0c\u7269\u8ddd u_a \u56fa\u5b9a\uff0c\u5219\u7126\u8ddd f_x \u8d8a\u957f\uff0c\u865a\u5316\u7a0b\u5ea6\u8d8a\u5927\u3002<\/p>\n

\u5f53\u7269\u8ddd u_a \u56fa\u5b9a\uff0c\u7b49\u6548\u7126\u8ddd f_x \u56fa\u5b9a\uff0c\u5149\u5708\u6570 F \u56fa\u5b9a\uff0c\u5219\u5e95\u7684\u5e45\u9762 x \u8d8a\u5927\uff0c\u865a\u5316\u7a0b\u5ea6\u8d8a\u5927\u3002<\/p>\n

\u9664\u4e86\u666f\u6df1\u7684\u7b49\u6548\uff0c\u7b49\u6548\u5149\u5708\u8fd8\u5f15\u51fa\u4e86\u5176\u4ed6\u7684\u6982\u5ff5\uff0c\u5982\u7b49\u6548\u7684\u6697\u5149\u6027\u80fd\uff0c\u884d\u5c04\uff0c\u4f46\u7531\u4e8e\u5185\u5bb9\u8fc7\u4e8e\u8003\u7a76\u67af\u71e5\uff0c\u7b14\u8005\u4e5f\u672a\u80fd\u5b8c\u5168\u7406\u89e3\u548c\u8f6c\u8ff0\u6e05\u695a\uff0c\u6709\u5174\u8da3\u53ef\u4ee5\u53c2\u8003\u4e0a\u8ff0\u94fe\u63a5\u3002<\/p>\n

6.\uff15 \u76f8\u673a\u7684\u626b\u63cf\u65b9\u5f0f<\/p>\n

CMOS\u76f8\u673a\u4e00\u822c\u901a\u8fc7\u884c\u3001\u5217\u9009\u62e9\u7535\u8def\u6fc0\u6d3b\u50cf\u7d20\uff0c\u8bfb\u51fa\u4fe1\u53f7\u3002\u884c\u5217\u9009\u62e9\u903b\u8f91\u5355\u5143\u53ef\u4ee5\u91c7\u7528\u9694\u884c\u626b\u63cf\uff08Interlace Scanning\uff09\u6216\u8005\u9010\u884c\u626b\u63cf\uff08progressive scanning\uff09\u3002\u4e00\u822c\u5de5\u4e1a\u76f8\u673a\u4f1a\u91c7\u7528\u9010\u884c\u626b\u63cf\uff0c\u800c\u6c11\u7528\u76f8\u673a\u4f1a\u91c7\u7528\u9694\u884c\u626b\u63cf\uff0c\u5728\u6709\u9650\u5e26\u5bbd\u4e0b\u53d6\u5f97\u66f4\u9ad8\u7684\u5237\u65b0\u9891\u7387\u3002<\/p>\n

\u9694\u884c\u626b\u63cf<\/p>\n

REF\uff1a<\/p>\n

Shutter (photography) – Wikipedia<\/p>\n

Rolling shutter – Wikipedia<\/p>\n

Aperture – Wikipedia<\/p>\n

\u7528\u4e86\u4e00\u5806\u9ed1\u79d1\u6280\uff0c\u4e3a\u4f55\u624b\u673a\u62cd\u7167\u8fd8\u662f\u5dee\uff08\u5feb\u95e8\u7bc7\uff09 (360doc.com)<\/p>\n

\u673a\u68b0\u5feb\u95e8\u4e0e\u7535\u5b50\u5feb\u95e8\u7684\u533a\u522b\u662f\u4ec0\u4e48\uff1f – \u77e5\u4e4e (zhihu.com)<\/p>\n

\u5149\u5b66\u6210\u50cf\u539f\u7406\u4e4b\u666f\u6df1(Depth of Field)_mingjinliu\u7684\u535a\u5ba2-CSDN\u535a\u5ba2_\u666f\u6df1\u516c\u5f0f<\/p>\n

\u666f\u6df1\u8ba1\u7b97\u516c\u5f0f\u7684\u63a8\u5bfc_CSDN<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

\u53d1\u5e03\u4e8e 2023-02-07 20:03\u30fbIP […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[3,1],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-4056","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-technology-frontier","category-home"],"views":4,"_links":{"self":[{"href":"http:\/\/222.128.65.89:18086\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/4056"}],"collection":[{"href":"http:\/\/222.128.65.89:18086\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"http:\/\/222.128.65.89:18086\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"http:\/\/222.128.65.89:18086\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"http:\/\/222.128.65.89:18086\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=4056"}],"version-history":[{"count":4,"href":"http:\/\/222.128.65.89:18086\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/4056\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":4085,"href":"http:\/\/222.128.65.89:18086\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/4056\/revisions\/4085"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"http:\/\/222.128.65.89:18086\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=4056"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"http:\/\/222.128.65.89:18086\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=4056"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"http:\/\/222.128.65.89:18086\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=4056"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}